Benzimidazole acetic acids exhibiting crth2 receptor antagonism and uses thereof

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to benzimidazole acetic acid compounds which function as antagonists of the Chemoattractant Receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T-Helper type 2 cells (CRTH2) receptor. The invention also relates to the use of these compounds to inhibit the binding of prostaglandin D 2  and its metabolites or certain thromboxane metabolites to the CRTH2 receptor and to treat disorders responsive to such inhibition.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention is in the field of medicinal chemistry. In particular,the invention relates to benzimidazole acetic acid compounds whichfunction as antagonists of the Chemoattractant Receptor-homologousmolecule expressed on T-Helper type 2 cells (CRTH2) receptor. Theinvention also relates to the use of these compounds to inhibit thebinding of prostaglandin D₂ and its metabolites to the CRTH2 receptorand to treat disorders responsive to such inhibition.

2. Related Art

The CRTH2 receptor binds prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂) and its metabolites.Efforts have been made to inhibit the binding of PGD₂ to the CRTH2receptor in order to treat disorders and diseases related to excesslevels of PGD₂.

Elevated PGD₂ is thought to play a causative role in both asthma andatopic dermatitis. For example, PGD₂ is one of the major prostanoidsreleased by mast cells in the asthmatic lung and this molecule is foundat high levels in the bronchial fluid of asthmatics (Liu et al., Am.Rev. Respir. Dis. 142:126 (1990)). Evidence of a role of PGD₂ in asthmais provided by a recent publication examining the effects ofoverexpression of prostaglandin D synthase on induction of allergicasthma in transgenic mice (Fujitani, J. Immunol. 168:443 (2002)). Afterallergen challenge, these animals had increased PGD₂ in the lungs, andthe number of Th2 cells and eosinophils were greatly elevated relativeto non-transgenic animals. These results are

PGD₂ can bind to two G-protein coupled receptors, DP (Boie et al., J.Biol. Chem. 270:18910 (1995)) and CRTH2 (Nagata et al., J. Immunol.162:1278 (1999); Hirai et al., J. Exp. Med. 193:255 (2001)). The latterreceptor might play a particularly important role in diseases such asasthma and atopic dermatitis that are characterized by Th2 cellinvolvement, since Th2 cell chemotaxis in response to PGD₂ appears to bemediated by CRTH2 (Hirai et al., above). Moreover, eosinophils, themajor inflammatory cell type seen in asthmatic lungs, show aCRTH2-mediated chemotactic response to PGD₂ (Hirai et al.) and certainthromboxane metabolites (Bohm et al., J. Biol. Chem. 279:7663 (2004)).

JP2000143635 and JP2000095767 disclose compounds of the followingformula that are neovascularization inhibitors:

wherein A is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl ring; B is asubstituted or unsubstituted cyclyl; R₄ and R₆ are H, optionallysubstituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, optionallysubstituted C₇₋₁₃ aralkyl, or C₂₋₇ alkoxycarbonyl; R₅ is H, halo,optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₂₋₇ alkoxycarbonyl,mono- or di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino, or optionally substituted carbamoyl; X isa direct bond, C₁₋₆ alkylene, C₂₋₆ alkenylene, C₁₋₆alkylene-aminocarbonyl, or C₁₋₆ alkylene-oxycarbonylamino; Y is CO, SO₂,NHCO, C₁₋₆ alkylenecarbonyl, C₂₋₆ alkenylenecarbonyl, or C₁₋₆ alkylene.

JP62024244 discloses compounds of the following formula that can be usedas part of photographic photosensitive materials:

wherein Y₁ is H, R₁, COR₂, or SO₂R₃; Y₂ is H, NHR₄, NHCOR₅, or NHSO₂R₆;R₁, R₂, R₃, R₅, and R₆ are aliphatic or aromatic moieties; R₄ is H orR₁; Y₁ and Y₂ cannot be H simultaneously; when R₄ is H, Y₁ is not H; Xis halo, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, OH, NO₂, or CN; and n is 0, 1, or2.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,121,308 discloses compounds of the following formulathat can be used to treat thrombotic disease:

R_(a)-Het-B—Ar-E

wherein B denotes an ethylene group optionally substituted by one or twoC₁₋₃ alkyl groups, wherein a methylene group of the ethylene group,which is linked to either the Het or Ar group, may be replaced by anoxygen or sulphur atom, by a sulphinyl, sulphonyl, carbonyl or —NR₁group, whilst R₁ denotes a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆-alkyl group;B also denotes a straight-chained C₃₋₅-alkylene group, in which amethylene group, which is linked neither to the Het group nor to the Argroup, is replaced by an —NR₁ group wherein R₁ is as hereinbeforedefined;E denotes a cyano or R_(b)NH—C(═NH)— group wherein R_(b) denotes ahydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₃-alkyl group or a group which maybe cleaved in vivo;Ar denotes a phenylene or naphthylene group optionally substituted by afluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, or by a trifluoromethyl, C₁₋₃-alkylor C₁₋₃-alkoxy group, a thienylene, thiazolylene, pyridinylene,pyrimidinylene, pyazinylene or pyridazinylene group optionallysubstituted in the carbon skeleton by a C₁₋₃ alkyl group;Het denotes a bicyclic heterocycle of the formula

wherein X denotes a nitrogen atom or a methine group optionallysubstituted by a C₁₋₃-alkyl group and Y denotes an imino groupoptionally substituted by a C₁₋₅-alkyl or C₃₋₇-cycloalkyl group, anoxygen or sulphur atom or X denotes a nitrogen atom and Y denotes animino group substituted by a C₁₋₅-alkyl or C₃₋₇-cycloalkyl group,wherein the alkyl and cycloalkyl substituent in each case is substitutedby a carboxy group or a group which can be converted in vivo into acarboxy group, wherein additionally in one of the abovementionedheterocycles a non-angular methine group may be replaced by a nitrogenatom;or Het denotes a group of the formulae

wherein R₁ is as hereinbefore defined, and R_(a) denotes a phenyl-C₁₋₃alkoxy group, an amino group, a C₁₋₃-alkylamino group, which isadditionally substituted at the nitrogen atom by a phenyl-C₁₋₃ alkylgroup, a R₃—CO—R₄N or R₃ —SO₂—R₄N group wherein R₃ denotes a C₁₋₅-alkyl,phenyl-C₁₋₃-alkyl, C₃₋₇-cycloalkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, quinolyl,isoquinolyl, tetrahydroquinolyl or tetrahydroisoquinolyl group and R₄denotes a hydrogen atom, C₁₋₅-alkyl or phenyl-C₁₋₃-alkyl group, each ofwhich is substituted in the alkyl moiety by a group which may beconverted in vivo into a carboxy group, by a carboxy or tetrazolylgroup, by an aminocarbonyl or C₁₋₃-alkylaminocarbonyl group, each ofwhich is additionally substituted at the nitrogen atom by a group whichmay be converted in vivo into a carboxy-C₁₋₃-alkyl group or by a carboxygroup, a C₂₋₅-alkyl group terminally substituted by adi-(C₁₋₃-alkyl)-amino group, or a C₃₋₇-cycloalkyl group.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,114,532 discloses compounds of the following formulathat can be used to treat thrombotic disease:

wherein A denotes an oxygen or sulphur atom, a carbonyl, sulphinyl orsulphonyl group, an imino group optionally substituted by a C₁₋₃-alkylgroup or a methylene group optionally mono- or disubstituted by acarboxy-C₁₋₃-alkyl- or C₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl-C₁₋₃-alkyl group;Ar denotes a phenylene or naphthylene group each optionally substitutedby a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, by a trifluoromethyl,C₁₋₃-alkyl- or C₁₋₃-alkoxy group, a thienylene, thiazolylene,pyridinylene, pyrimidinylene, pyrazinylene or pyridazinylene group eachoptionally substituted in the carbon skeleton by a C₁₋₃-alkyl group;X denotes a nitrogen atom or an —R₁C═ group wherein R₁ denotes ahydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, a C₁₋₃-alkyl orC₁₋₃-alkoxy group;Y denotes an oxygen or sulphur atom or an —R₂N— group, wherein R₂denotes a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₅-alkyl group, a C₁₋₃-alkyl group, whichis substituted by a phenyl group optionally substituted by a carboxy orC₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl group, a C₁₋₅-alkyl group, which is substituted by acarboxy, C₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl, carboxy-C₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl,C₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl-C₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl,carboxy-C₁₋₃-alkyl-aminocarbonyl orC₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl-C₁₋₃-alkylaminocarbonyl group, or an n-C₂₋₄-alkylgroup, which is terminally substituted by a di-(C₁₋₃-alkyl)-amino,pyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholino, piperazino orN—C₁₋₃-alkyl-piperazino group, wherein the abovementioned cyclic groupsmay additionally be substituted by one or two C₁₋₃-alkyl groups;R_(a) denotes a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₃-alkyl group;R_(b) denotes a R₃—CO—C₃₋₅-cycloalkylene, R₃—SO₂—NR₄, R₃—CO—NR₄,R₅NR₆—CO, R₅NR₆—SO₂— or RNR₆—CO—C₃₋₅-cycloalkylene group, wherein R₃denotes a C₁₋₆-alkyl- or C₅₋₇-cycloalkyl group, a C₁₋₃-alkyl group,which is substituted by a C₅₋₇-cyclo-alkyl, phenyl, C₁₋₃-alkylamino,di-(C₁₋₃-alkyl)-amino, carboxy-C₁₋₃-alkylamino,C₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonylamino, phenylsulphonylamino or tetrazolyl group, aC₁₋₃-alkyl group, which is substituted by a carboxy,C₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl, carboxy-C₁₋₃-alkoxy orC₁₋₃-alkoxy-carbonyl-C₁₋₃-alkoxy group, a C₁₋₃-alkyl group, which issubstituted by an imidazolyl or benzimidazolyl group, wherein theimidazole moiety of the abovementioned groups may be substituted by oneor two C₁₋₃-alkyl groups or by a carboxy-C₁₋₃-alkyl orC₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl-C₁₋₃-alkyl group, a phenyl group optionally mono ordisubstituted by C₁₋₃-alkyl, C₁₋₃-alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, carboxy orC₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl groups, wherein the substituents may be identical ordifferent, a phenyl group substituted by 3 or 4 methyl groups, anaphthyl, pyridinyl, pyrazolyl, quinolyl or isoquinolyl group eachoptionally substituted by a C₁₋₃-alkyl group;R₄ denotes a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₅-alkyl or C₅₋₇-cycloalkyl group, aC₁₋₅-alkyl group, which is substituted by a carboxy group or by aC₁₋₅-alkoxycarbonyl group wherein the alkoxy moiety in the 2 or 3position may additionally be substituted by a hydroxy group, aC₁₋₃-alkyl group, which is substituted by an aminocarbonyl,hydroxyaminocarbonyl, C₁₋₃-alkylamino-carbonyl,di-(C₁₋₃-alkyl)-aminocarbonyl or C₅₋₇-alkylene-iminocarbonyl group,wherein the C₆₋₇-alkyleneimino moiety may additionally be substituted inthe 4 position by a di-(C₁₋₃-alkyl)-amino group, an optionallyphenyl-substituted C₁₋₃-alkyl group, which is substituted in the alkylmoiety by a carboxy-C₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl,C₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl-C₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl,carboxy-C₁₋₃-alkylaminocarbonyl,N—(C₁₋₃-alkyl)-carboxy-C₁₋₃-alkylaminocarbonyl,C₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl-C₁₋₃-alkylaminocarbonyl,N—(C₁₋₃-alkyl)-C₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl-C₁₋₃-alkylaminocarbonyl,morpholinocarbonyl or 4-(C₁₋₃-alkyl)-piperazinocarbonyl group, aC₁₋₃-alkyl group, which is substituted by acarboxy-C₁₋₃-alkylaminocarbonyl,N—(C₁₋₃-alkyl)-carboxy-C₁₋₃-alkylaminocarbonyl,C₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl-C₁₋₃-alkylaminocarbonyl orN—(C₁₋₃-alkyl)-C₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl-C₁₋₃-alkylamino-carbonyl group, whichare additionally substituted at a carbon atom of the alkylamino moietyby a carboxy or C₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl group, a C₁₋₃-alkyl group, which issubstituted by a di-(C₁₋₃-alkyl)-aminocarbonyl group wherein an alkylmoiety may additionally be substituted in the 2 or 3 position by adi-(C₁₋₃-alkyl)-amino group, a C₁₋₃-alkyl group, which is substituted bya 4-(morpholinocarbonyl-C₁₋₃-alkyl)-piperazinocarbonyl,N—(C₁₋₃-alkyl)-pyrrolidinyl or N—(C₁₋₃-alkyl)-piperidinyl group, or ann-C₂₋₄-alkyl group, which is terminally substituted by adi-(C₁₋₃-alkyl)-amino, C₅₋₇-alkyleneimino or morpholino group;R₅ denotes a C₁₋₅-alkyl or C₅₋₇-cycloalkyl group, a phenyl-C₁₋₃-alkylgroup, which may be substituted in the alkyl moiety by a carboxy or C₁₋₃alkoxycarbonyl group, an n-C₂₋₄-alkyl group, which is substituted in the2, 3 or 4 position by a hydroxy, C₁₋₃-alkylamino ordi-(C₁₋₃-alkyl)-amino group, a phenyl group optionally mono ordisubstituted by a C₁₋₃-alkyl, C₁₋₃-alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, carboxy orC₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl group, wherein the substituents may be identical ordifferent, a phenyl group substituted by 3 or 4 methyl groups, anaphthyl, pyridinyl, quinolyl or isoquinolyl group;R₆ denotes a C₁₋₅-alkyl group optionally substituted by a carboxy orC₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl group, a C₁₋₃-alkyl group, which is substituted inthe alkyl moiety by a C₁₋₃-alkylaminocarbonyl,di-(C₁₋₃-alkyl)-aminocarbonyl, carboxy-C₁₋₃-alkylaminocarbonyl orC₁₋₃-alkyloxycarbonyl-C₁₋₃-alkylaminocarbonyl group, or an n-C₂₋₄-alkylgroup, which is substituted in the 2, 3 or 4 position by a hydroxy,C₁₋₃-alkylamino or di-(C₁₋₃-alkyl)-amino group, or one of the groups R₅or R₆ denotes a hydrogen atom, wherein the other one of the groups hasthe meanings given for R₅ and R₆ hereinbefore, or R₅ and R₆ togetherwith the nitrogen atom between them denote a pyrrolidino or piperidinogroup optionally substituted by one or two C₁₋₃-alkyl groups, which mayadditionally be substituted by a carboxy-C₁₋₃-alkyl orC₁₋₃-alkoxy-C₁₋₃-alkyl group or on to which a benzene ring may becondensed via two adjacent carbon atoms, or R_(b) denotes an amino,C₁₋₃-alkylamino or C₅₋₇-cycloalkyl-amino group, which may be substitutedat the nitrogen atom by a phenylaminocarbonyl,N-phenyl-C₁₋₃-alkylaminocarbonyl,phenylsulphonylamino-C₁₋₃-alkylcarbonyl,C₁₋₃-alkyloxy-carbonyl-C₁₋₃-alkyl,N—(C₃₋₅-cycloalkyl)-C₁₋₃-alkylamino-carbonyl,N-(hydroxycarbonyl-C₁₋₃-alkyl)-aminocarbonyl,N—(C₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl-C₁₋₃-alkyl)-aminocarbonyl-C₃₋₅-cyclo-alkylaminogroup, a piperidino group substituted in the 4 position by adi-(C₁₋₃-alkyl)-amino group, a piperazino group substituted in the 4position by a C₁₋₃-alkyl group, a C₂₋₄-alkylsulphonyl group, which issubstituted in the 2, 3 or 4 position by a di-(C₁₋₃-alkyl)-amino group,a 4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-phthalazinyl-1-yl or4-oxo-2,3-diaza-spiro[5.5]undec-1-en-1-yl group, a methyl groupsubstituted by a C₅₋₇-cycloalkyleneiminocarbonyl group wherein themethyl group is substituted by a carboxy-C₁₋₃-alkyl orC₁₋₃-alkoxy-C₁₋₃-alkyl group, a carbonyl or methyl group substituted bya C₃₋₅-cycloalkyl or C₃₋₅-alkyl group, wherein the cycloalkyl moiety mayadditionally be substituted by a C₁₋₃-alkyl, carboxy-C₁₋₃-alkyl orC₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl-C₁₋₃-alkyl group and the methyl moiety issubstituted by a C₁₋₃-alkoxy or C₁₋₄-alkylamino group, aC₅₋₇-cycloalkyl-N-(carboxy-C₁₋₃-alkoxy)-iminomethylene orC₅₋₇-cycloalkyl-N—(C₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl-C₁₋₃-alkoxy)-iminomethylenegroup, which may additionally be substituted in the cycloalkyl moiety bya C₁₋₃-alkyl group, a phosphinyl group, which is substituted by aC₁₋₆-alkyl or C₅₋₇-cycloalkyl group and by a hydroxy, C₁₋₃-alkoxy,carboxy-C₁₋₃-alkoxy or C₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl-C₁₋₃-alkoxy group, apiperidino group wherein in the 2 position a methylene group is replacedby a carbonyl or sulphonyl group, a tetrazolyl group optionallysubstituted by a C₁₋₅-alkyl group, a phenyl or phenylsulphonyl groupoptionally mono or disubstituted by a C₁₋₃-alkyl, C₁₋₃-alkoxy,trifluoromethyl, carboxy or C₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl group, wherein thesubstituents may be identical or different, a sulphimidoyl group, whichis substituted at the sulphur atom by a C₅₋₇-cycloalkyl group and mayadditionally be substituted at the nitrogen atom by a C₂₋₄-alkanoyl,carboxy-C₁₋₃-alkyl, C₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl-C₁₋₃-alkyl,carboxy-C₂₋₄-alkanoyl or C₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl-C₂₋₄-alkanoyl group, animidazolyl group substituted in the 1 position by a carboxy-C₁₋₃-alkylor C₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl-C₁₋₃-alkyl group, which may additionally besubstituted by a C₁₋₅-alkyl group, a C₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl-C₁₋₃-alkylgroup, which is substituted in the alkyl moiety by aC₅₋₇-cycloalkylaminocarbonyl group, a C₁₋₃-alkyl group, which issubstituted by a 1-imidazolyl group, wherein the imidazolyl moiety mayadditionally be substituted by one or two C₁₋₃-alkyl groups, or in the 2position by a 1-benzimidazolyl group substituted by a carboxy-C₁₋₃-alkylor C₁₋₃-alkoxycarbonyl-C₁₋₃-alkyl group, or a furanyl-1-pyrazolyl groupoptionally substituted by a C₁₋₃-alkyl group; andR_(c) denotes a cyano group or an amidino group, which may besubstituted by a hydroxy group, by one or two C₁₋₃-alkyl groups, by oneor two C₁₋₈-alkoxycarbonyl groups or by a group which can be cleaved invivo.

WO 97/10219 discloses compounds of the following formula that can beused to treat metabolic bone disease:

wherein R¹ is acyl, lower alkenyl or lower alkyl optionally substitutedwith substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of aryl,substituted aryl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclicgroup, hydroxy, substituted hydroxy, cyano, halogen, amino, substitutedamino, acyl, mercapto, substituted mercapto, hydroxyamidino, substitutedhydroxyamidino, and substituted hydrazino, andR² is hydrogen, lower alkyl, hydroxy(lower)alkyl, halo(lower)alkyl,lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, acyl, or cyano, orR¹ and R² are taken together to form lower alkylene or lower alkenylene,each of which may include O, S, or N—R⁵ in the chain, in which R⁵ ishydrogen or lower alkyl,R³ is hydrogen or halogen,R⁴ is a heterocyclic group or aryl, each of which may be substitutedwith suitable substituent(s), and

A is

in which R⁹ is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl, andR¹⁰ is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,612,360 discloses compounds of the following formulathat are angiotensin II receptor antagonists:

wherein R₁ is CO₂H, SO₃H, PO₃H₂, CONHSO₂R₈, or 5-tetrazolyl;R₂ is H, —OH, —OCOCH₃, halo, C₁-C₄ alkyl, or C₁-C₄ alkoxy;

R₃ is

X is —(CH₂)_(m)CONH—, —(CH₂)_(m)NHCO—, —CH₂—, —O—, —NH—, or—(CH₂)_(m)CO—;

R₄ is

C₄-C₉ straight chain alkyl, or C₄-C₉ straight chain trifluoroalkylproviding when R₄ is a C₄-C₉ straight chain alkyl or trifluoroalkyl R₃must be (a) or (d);R₅ is H, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ trifluoroalkyl, (CF₂)_(n)CF₃, benzyl,—(CH₂)_(m) N(C₁-C₃ alkyl)₂, —(CH₂)_(m)NH(C₁-C₃ alkyl),—CH₂-1-pyrrolidine, —(CH₂)_(n)CO₂H, or

R₆ is (CH₂)_(p)R₁, —CONH(C₁-C₄ alkyl), —CONH(C₁-C₄ trifluoroalkyl),—COO(C₁-C₄ alkyl), —COO(C₁-C₄ trifluoroalkyl), —CONH(hydroxy-C₁-C₄alkyl),

R₇ is C₄-C₉ straight chain alkyl, C₄-C₉ straight chain trifluoroalkyl,C₄-C₉ straight chain alkenyl, or C₄-C₉ straight chain trifluoroalkenyl;R₈ is phenyl, C₁-C₄ alkyl substituted phenyl, C₁-C₅ alkyl, or C₁-C₅trifluoroalkyl;R₉ is (CH₂)_(p)R₁, or C₁-C₄ alkyl;R₁₀ is H or C₁-C₃ alkyl;R₁₁ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, halo, or —(CH₂)_(r) phenyl;R₁₂ is H, —(CH₂)_(p)R₁, C₁-C₇ alkyl, C₁-C₇ trifluoroalkyl, halo,substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, 3-pyridyl, 2-pyrimidyl, furanyl,oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, a substituted or unsubstituted fused bicyclic, asubstituted or unsubstituted fused tricyclic, or when m is0,4,4-ethylenedioxy;

R₁₃ is O or S; R₁₄ is H or CH₃; R₁₅ is H or —(CH₂)₉R₁₆; R₁₆ is OH, NH₂,or CO₂H;

R₁₇ is H, OH, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, CO₂H, SO₃H, PO₃H₂, CONHSO₂R₈, or tetrazolyl;Y is a R group of a naturally occurring amino acid;X′ is —O—, —(CH₂)_(p)—, or —S—;m is independently 0 or 1;n is independently 1, 2 or 3;p is independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;q is 1, 2, 3, or 4;r is independently 0, 1, 2, or 3;providing when R₆ is (1) or (m), and R₁₂ is not H, the carboxy of (m) orthe tetrazolyl of (1) is in position 2; and when R₆ is (1) or (m), m is0, and R₁₂ is H, the carboxy of (m) or the tetrazolyl of (1) is inposition 2 or 3.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,590,047 discloses compounds of the following formulathat have anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic activity:

wherein A is a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, heteroaralkyl,aroyl or heteroaroyl radical or a benz derivative thereof;R₂ is hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, nitro, amino, loweralkylamino, di(lower alkyl)amino, lower alkanoylamino, lower alkanoyl,bis(hydroxy lower alkyl)amino, 1-pyrrilidino, 4-methyl-1-piperazinyl,4-morpholinyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, halogen, di(lower alkyl)sulfamyl, benzylthio, amino lower alkyl, trifluoromethylthio, benzyloxy,lower alkenyl, lower alkenyloxy, 1-azacyclopropyl, cyclopropyl,cyclopropyl (lower alkoxy), and cyclobutyl (lower alkoxy); the loweralkenyl and alkyl groups containing up to six carbon atoms;R₃ is hydrogen, halogen, trifluoromethyl, a lower alkyl radical, or alower alkoxy radical;M is R₄ or R₅, R₄ being amino (provided A is not benzyl at the sametime), methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, butylamino, dimethylamino,diethylamino, methylethylamino, methylbutylamino, dibutylamino,glucosamino, glycosylamino, allylamino, phenethylamino,N-ethylphenethylamino, β-hydroxyethylamino,1-ethyl-2-aminoethylpiperidino, tetrahydrofurfurylamino,1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridino, morpholino, N-methylpiperazino, piperazino,N-phenylpiperazino, piperidino, benzylamino, anilino, cyclohexylamino,pyrrolidino, N-hydroxyethylpiperazino, sodium β-sulfoethylamino,N,N-dimethylcarboxamidomethylamino, N,N-diethylaminoethylamino,p-methoxyanilino, and 1-methyl-2-aminoethylpyrrolidino, R₅ beinghydroxyl or a hydrocarbonoxy group, polyhydroxy lower alkyl,polyhydroxycycloalkyl, polyalkoxy lower alkyl, or a cyclic loweralkylamino lower alkyl radical derived fromN-(β-hydroxyethyl)piperidine, N-(β-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidine,N-(β-hydroxyethyl) morpholine, N-methyl-2-hydroxymethylpyrrolidine,N-methyl-2-hydroxymethyl piperidine, N-ethyl-3-hydroxy piperidine,3-hydroxyquinuclidine, and N-(β-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl piperazine.

WO 02/060438 discloses compounds of the following formula that can beused as integrin antagonists:

wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴, and R⁵ independently represent hydrogen,halogen, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, or heteroarylalkyl;R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, and R⁹ independently represent hydrogen, alkyl,hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, monoalkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl,carboxyalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl;or R⁶ and R⁷ are taken together to form —(CH₂)_(p)—, where p is 2-8,while R⁸ and R⁹ are defined as above; or R⁸ and R⁹ are taken together toform —(CH₂)_(q)—, where q is 2-8, while R⁶ and R⁷ are defined as above;or R⁶ and R⁸ are taken together to form —(CH₂)_(r)—, while r is zero (abond), 1, or 2, while R⁷ and R⁹ are defined as above;X represents oxygen, sulfur, —CH₂—, —NH—, —(C═O)NH—, or —NH(C═O)—;n is from 0 to 4;m is from 0 to 4;a is 0 or 1;D represents oxygen;

V is 0 or 1;

R¹⁰, R¹², and R¹³ independently represent: hydrogen; hydroxy; alkyl;alkoxy; cycloalkyl; aryl, optionally substituted with one or more ofhalogen, hydroxy, cyano, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, arylalkyl,arylalkoxy, aryloxy, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkoxyarylalkyl,monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, aminoalkyl, monoalkylaminoalkyl,dialkylaminoalkyl, alkanoyl; monoalkylamino; dialkylamino; aminoalkyl;monoalkylaminoalkyl; dialkylaminoalkyl; alkanoyl; heteroaryl having 5-14ring members, optionally substituted with one or more of halogen,hydroxy, cyano, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, arylalkyl, arylalkoxy,aryloxy, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkoxyarylalkyl, mono alkylamino,dialkylamino, aminoalkyl, monoalkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl,alkanoyl; or

wherein R¹⁷ and R¹⁸ together form —CH₂CH₂—O—, —O—CH₂CH₂—, —O—CH₂—O—, or—O—CH₂CH₂—O—; orR¹⁰ and R¹² are taken together to form —(CH₂)_(s)—, wherein s is 0 (abond) or 1 to 4, while R¹¹ and R¹³ are defined as above; or R¹⁰ and R¹²are taken together to form a double bond when i is 0 and k is 1, whileR¹¹ and R¹³ are as defined above; or R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are taken together toform —(CH₂)_(t)—, wherein t is 2 to 8, while R¹² and R¹³ are defined asabove, or R¹² and R¹³ are taken together to form —(CH₂)_(u)— wherein uis 2 to 8, while R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are defined as above;i is from 0 to 4;j is from 0 to 4;k is 0 or 1;R¹⁴ is hydrogen or a functionality that acts as a prodrug;

W is

wherein Y is —N— or —CH—;

Z is —N— or —CH—;

R¹⁵ is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl;R¹⁶ is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, or halogen;R¹⁹ and R²⁰ are independently hydrogen, halogen, or alkyl;R²⁷, R²⁸, R²⁹, R³⁰, and R³¹ are independently hydrogen, halogen, alkyl,alkoxy or aryl; ando and p are independently 0, 1, or 2.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to benzimidazole acetic acid compoundsthat are useful for inhibiting binding of endogenous ligands to theCRTH2 receptor. In particular, the compounds of the present inventionare antagonists of the human CRTH2 receptor (hCRTH2). In one embodiment,the benzimidazole acetic acids are compounds of Formula I:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof, wherein:

X is NR₂SO₂R₃, NR₂COR₄, S(O)_(n)R₄ or H;

n is 0, 1, or 2;R₁ is H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl(preferably CF₃), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, or —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl;R₂ is H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl(preferably CF₃), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl, —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-aryl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, aryl, or heteroaryl;R₃ is H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl(preferably CF₃), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl, —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-aryl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, aryl, heteroaryl, or OR₂;R₄ is H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl(preferably CF₃), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl, —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-aryl,—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, aryl,heteroaryl, OR₂ or NR₂R₂; orR₂ and R₃ form a ring; orR₂ and R₄ form a ring; andR₅ is H, halogen, or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀perhalo alkyl (preferably CF₃), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, or OR₂; orR₅ together with R₂, R₃, or R₄ forms a fused saturated or unsaturatedring.

In certain embodiments the compounds of Formula I exclude compounds inwhich R₄ is aryl when X is NR₂COR₄ in the 4 position.

The invention relates to compounds represented by Formula I, which areantagonists or inverse agonists of CRTH2. The invention relates to theuse of the compounds of the invention to inhibit binding of endogenousligands, including PGD₂ and its metabolites and certain thromboxanemetabolites, to CRTH2. The compounds are useful for the treatment,amelioration, or prevention of disorders responsive to inhibition ofbinding to CRTH2, e.g., disorders characterized by elevated levels ofPGD₂ or its metabolites or certain thromboxane metabolites. Thesedisorders include, but are not limited to, respiratory tract disorders(e.g., asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rhinitis), boneand joint disorders (e.g., arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome), skin and eyedisorders (e.g., psoriasis, dermatitis, uveitis, conjunctivitis),gastrointestinal tract disorders (e.g., colitis, celiac disease, Crohn'sdisease), central and peripheral nervous system disorders (e.g.,Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, migraine, stroke), disorders ofother tissues and systemic disorders (e.g., atherosclerosis, AIDS,sepsis, ischemic/reperfusion injury, hepatitis) and allograft rejection.

The present invention provides methods of blocking/antagonizing theCRTH2 receptor on a cell, comprising contacting the cell with a compoundof Formula I. The present invention also provides methods of treating,ameliorating, or preventing a disorder responsive toblocking/antagonizing the CRTH-2 receptor in an animal, comprisingadministering to said animal a therapeutically effective amount of acompound of Formula I.

The present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising acompound of Formula I in a therapeutically effective amount to inhibitbinding of ligands to the CRTH2 receptor. The compositions may furthercomprise other therapeutic agents.

The invention further provides kits comprising a compound of Formula Iand instructions for administering the compound to an animal. The kitsmay optionally contain other therapeutic agents.

The invention also provides methods of making compounds of Formula I.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to compounds represented by Formula I,which are antagonists or inverse agonists of the CRTH2 receptor andfunction as inhibitors of the binding of endogenous ligands to the CRTH2receptor. By inhibiting the binding of endogenous ligands such as PGD₂and its metabolites, these compounds at least partially inhibit theeffects of the endogenous ligands in an animal. Therefore, the inventionrelates to methods of inhibiting the binding of endogenous ligands tothe CRTH2 receptor on a cell, comprising contacting the cell with acompound of Formula I. The invention further relates to methods oftreating, ameliorating, or preventing disorders in an animal that areresponsive to inhibition of the CRTH2 receptor comprising administeringto the animal a compound of Formula I. Such disorders include thosecharacterized by elevated levels of PGD₂ or its metabolites or certainthromboxane metabolites.

The term “CRTH2 receptor,” as used herein, refers to any known member ofthe CRTH2 receptor family, including, but not limited to, hCRTH2.

The term “elevated levels of PGD₂ or its metabolites or certainthromboxane metabolites,” as used herein, refers to an elevated level(e.g., aberrant level) of these molecules in cells as compared tosimilar corresponding non-pathological cells expressing basal levels ofPGD₂ or its metabolites or thromboxanes and metabolites.

The term “other therapeutic agents,” as used herein, refers to anytherapeutic agent that has been used, is currently used, or is known tobe useful for treating, ameliorating, or preventing a disorderencompassed by the present invention. For example, agents used to treatasthma and rhinitis include steroids, β2-receptor agonists andleukotriene receptor antagonists.

The term “prodrug,” as used herein, refers to a pharmacologicallyinactive derivative of a parent “drug” molecule that requiresbiotransformation (e.g., either spontaneous or enzymatic) within thetarget physiological system to release or convert the prodrug into theactive drug. Prodrugs are designed to overcome problems associated withstability, toxicity, lack of specificity, or limited bioavailability.Exemplary prodrugs comprise an active drug molecule itself and achemical masking group (e.g., a group that reversibly suppresses theactivity of the drug). Some preferred prodrugs are variations orderivatives of compounds that have groups cleavable under metabolicconditions. Exemplary prodrugs become pharmaceutically active in vivo orin vitro when they undergo solvolysis under physiological conditions orundergo enzymatic degradation or other biochemical transformation (e.g.,phosphorylation, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, glycosylation).Prodrugs often offer advantages of solubility, tissue compatibility, ordelayed release in the mammalian organism. (See e.g., Bundgard, Designof Prodrugs, pp. 7-9, 21-24, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1985); and Silverman,The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action, pp. 352-401,Academic Press, San Diego, Calif. (1992)). Common prodrugs include acidderivatives such as esters prepared by reaction of parent acids with asuitable alcohol (e.g., a lower alkanol), amides prepared by reaction ofthe parent acid compound with an amine, or basic groups reacted to forman acylated base derivative (e.g., a lower alkylamide).

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt,” as used herein, refers toany salt (e.g., obtained by reaction with an acid or a base) of acompound of the present invention that is physiologically tolerated inthe target animal (e.g., a mammal). Salts of the compounds of thepresent invention may be derived from inorganic or organic acids andbases. Examples of acids include, but are not limited to, hydrochloric,hydrobromic, sulfuric, nitric, perchloric, fumaric, maleic, phosphoric,glycolic, lactic, salicylic, succinic, toluene-p-sulfonic, tartaric,acetic, citric, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, formic, benzoic,malonic, sulfonic, naphthalene-2-sulfonic, benzenesulfonic acid, and thelike.

Examples of bases include, but are not limited to, alkali metal (e.g.,sodium) hydroxides, alkaline earth metal (e.g., magnesium) hydroxides,ammonia, and compounds of formula NW₄ ⁺, wherein W is C₁₋₄ alkyl, andthe like.

Examples of salts include, but are not limited to: acetate, adipate,alginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate,citrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, cyclopentanepropionate,digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, fumarate, flucoheptanoate,glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, chloride, bromide,iodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, lactate, maleate, methanesulfonate,2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, oxalate, palmoate, pectinate,persulfate, phenylpropionate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, succinate,tartrate, thiocyanate, tosylate, undecanoate, and the like. Otherexamples of salts include anions of the compounds of the presentinvention compounded with a suitable cation such as Na⁺, NH₄ ⁺, and NW₄⁺ (wherein W is a C₁₋₄ alkyl group), and the like. For therapeutic use,salts of the compounds of the present invention are contemplated asbeing pharmaceutically acceptable. However, salts of acids and basesthat are non-pharmaceutically acceptable may also find use, for example,in the preparation or purification of a pharmaceutically acceptablecompound.

The term “therapeutically effective amount,” as used herein, refers tothat amount of the therapeutic agent sufficient to result inamelioration of one or more symptoms of a disorder, or preventadvancement of a disorder, or cause regression of the disorder. Forexample, with respect to the treatment of asthma, a therapeuticallyeffective amount preferably refers to the amount of a therapeutic agentthat increases peak air flow by at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, atleast 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, atleast 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, atleast 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, atleast 90%, at least 95%, or at least 100%.

The terms “prevent,” “preventing,” and “prevention,” as used herein,refer to a decrease in the occurrence of pathological cells (e.g.,autoimmune T cells) or a pathological condition (e.g., constrictedairways) in an animal. The prevention may be complete, e.g., the totalabsence of pathological cells or a pathological condition in an animal.The prevention may also be partial, such that the occurrence ofpathological cells or a pathological condition in an animal is less thanthat which would have occurred without the present invention.

The compounds of the present invention are compounds having Formula I:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof, wherein:

X is NR₂SO₂R₃, NR₂COR₄, S(O)_(n)R₄ or H;

n is 0, 1, or 2;R₁ is H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl(preferably CF₃), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, or —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl;R₂ is H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl(preferably CF₃), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl —O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl, —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-aryl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, aryl, or heteroaryl;R₃ is H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl(preferably CF₃), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl, —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-aryl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, aryl, heteroaryl, or OR₂;R₄ is H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl(preferably CF₃), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl, —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-aryl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, aryl, heteroaryl, OR₂ or NR₂R₂; orR₂ and R₃ form a ring; orR₂ and R₄ form a ring; andR₅ is H, halogen, or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀perhalo alkyl (preferably CF₃), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, or OR₂; orR₅ together with R₂, R₃, or R₄ forms a fused saturated or unsaturatedring.

In certain embodiments the compounds of Formula I exclude compounds inwhich R₄ is aryl when X is NR₂COR₄ in the 4 position.

In particular embodiments, the compounds of the present invention arecompounds having Formula I wherein X is NR₂SO₂R₃; and R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₅are as defined above.

In other particular embodiments, the compounds of the present inventionare compounds having Formula I wherein X is NR₂COR₄; and R₁, R₂, R₄, andR₅ are as defined above.

Useful alkyl groups include straight-chained or branched C₁₋₁₀ alkylgroups, especially methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, sec-butyl,3-pentyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, and 3-hexyl groups. Lower alkyl groupsare C₁₋₆ alkyl groups.

Useful alkenyl groups include straight-chained or branched C₂₋₁₀ alkenylgroups, especially ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, isobutenyl,and hexenyl.

Useful alkynyl groups include straight-chained or branched C₂₋₁₀ alkynylgroups, especially ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, isobutynyl, and hexynyl.

Useful cycloalkyl groups are C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or partially saturatedcycloalkyl. Typical cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, cycloheptenyl, andcyclooctenyl.

Useful aryl groups include C₆₋₁₄ aryl, especially phenyl, naphthyl,phenanthrenyl, anthracenyl, indenyl, azulenyl, biphenyl, biphenylenyl,and fluorenyl groups.

Useful heteroaryl groups include thiazolyl, oxazolyl, thienyl,benzo[b]thienyl, naphtho[2,3-b]thienyl, thianthrenyl, furyl, pyranyl,isobenzofuranyl, chromenyl, xanthenyl, phenoxanthenyl, 2H-pyrrolyl,pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl,pyridazinyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, 3H-indolyl, indolyl, indazolyl,purinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, isoquinolyl, quinolyl, phthalzinyl,naphthyridinyl, quinozalinyl, cinnolinyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl,β-carbolinyl, phenanthridinyl, acridinyl, perimidinyl, phenanthrolinyl,phenazinyl, isothiazolyl, phenothiazinyl, isoxazolyl, furazanyl,phenoxazinyl, 1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, 7-aminoisocoumarin,pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one, 1,2-benzoisoxazol-3-yl, benzimidazolyl,2-oxindolyl, and 2-oxobenzimidazolyl. Where the heteroaryl groupcontains a nitrogen atom in a ring, such nitrogen atom may be in theform of an N-oxide, e.g., a pyridyl N-oxide, pyrazinyl N-oxide,pyrimidinyl N-oxide, and the like.

Useful saturated or partially saturated heterocyclic groups includetetrahydrofuranyl, pyranyl, piperidinyl, piperizinyl, pyrrolidinyl,imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, quinuclidinyl,morpholinyl, isochromanyl, chromanyl, pyrazolidinyl pyrazolinyl,tetronoyl and tetramoyl groups.

Optional substituents include one or more alkyl; halo; haloalkyl;cycloalkyl; aryl optionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl,halo, haloalkyl or heteroaryl groups; aryloxy optionally substitutedwith one or more lower alkyl, haloalkyl, or heteroaryl groups; aralkyl,heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl,haloalkyl, and aryl groups; heteroaryloxy optionally substituted withone or more lower alkyl, haloalkyl, and aryl groups; alkoxy; haloalkoxy;alkoxycarbonyl; alkylcarbamate; alkylthio; arylthio; amino; cyano;acyloxy; arylacyloxy optionally substituted with one or more loweralkyl, haloalkyl, and aryl groups; diphenylphosphinyloxy optionallysubstituted with one or more lower alkyl, halo or haloalkyl groups;heterocyclo optionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl,haloalkyl, and aryl groups; heterocycloalkoxy optionally substitutedwith one or more lower alkyl, haloalkyl, and aryl groups; partiallyunsaturated heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl, haloalkyl, and aryl groups; or partially unsaturatedheterocycloalkyloxy optionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl,haloalkyl, and aryl groups.

Useful halo or halogen groups include fluorine, chlorine, bromine andiodine.

Useful arylalkyl groups or heteroarylalkyl groups include any of theabove-mentioned C₁₋₁₀ alkyl groups substituted by any of theabove-mentioned C₆₋₁₄ aryl groups or heteroaryl groups. Useful valuesinclude benzyl, phenethyl and naphthylmethyl.

The term “ring,” as used herein in the phrases “R₂ and R₃ form a ring,”“R₂ and R₄ form a ring,” and “R₅ together with R₂, R₃, or R₄ forms afused saturated or unsaturated ring,” refers to an optionallysubstituted heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring or optionally substitutedfused heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring. The heterocyclic or heteroarylring may be fused to any optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl,cycloalkyl, or heterocyclic group such as those listed above.

Certain of the compounds of the present invention may exist asstereoisomers including optical isomers. The invention includes allstereoisomers and both the racemic mixtures of such stereoisomers aswell as the individual enantiomers that may be separated according tomethods that are well known to those of skill in the art.

The compounds of this invention may be prepared using methods known tothose of skill in the art. In one embodiment, the compounds may beprepared by the following general synthetic schemes 1-3.

wherein R₆ is a carboxyl protecting group (e.g., alkyl, preferablyt-butyl).

In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of preparing acompound having formula VI or VII, comprising

a) condensing a compound having Formula II with a sulfonylate (e.g.,R₃SO₂Q, wherein Q is halo, e.g., chloro) in a polar solvent (e.g.,dichloromethane (DCM)) at ambient temperature, to form a compound havingFormula III, which is than isolated (e.g., extracted andrecrystallized);

b) condensing a compound having Formula III with a carboxyl-protectedamino acid (e.g., NH₂CH₂C(O)OR₆) in a polar solvent (e.g.,dimethylsulfoxide) in the presence of a base (e.g., NaHCO₃) at anelevated temperature (e.g., about 65° C.), to form a compound havingFormula IV, which may then be isolated (e.g., extracted andconcentrated);

c) reducing a compound having Formula IV in a solvent (e.g., an alcoholsolvent such as ethanol) with a hydrogen catalyst (e.g., 3% Pd/C underH₂) followed by alkylation with an aldehyde R₁CHO in a solvent (e.g., analcohol solvent such as ethanol) in the presence of an acid (e.g.,acetic acid) at an elevated temperature (e.g., about 70° C.), to form acompound having Formula V, which may then be isolated (e.g.,concentrated under reduced pressure); and

d) deprotecting a compound having Formula V by adding an acid (e.g.,trifluoroacetic acid) at ambient temperature to form a compound havingFormula VI, which may then be isolated (e.g., concentrated and purifiedby preparative liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry);

e) alkylating a compound having Formula V, e.g., with an alkyl halide(e.g., benzyl bromide) in a solvent (e.g., dimethylformamide) in thepresence of a base (e.g., K₂CO₃) at ambient temperature, and thendeprotecting by adding an acid (e.g., trifluoroacetic acid) at ambienttemperature, to form a compound having Formula VII, which may then beisolated (e.g., concentrated and purified by preparative liquidchromatography/mass spectrometry);

whereinR₁ is H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl(preferably CF₃), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, or —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl₂;R₂ is H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl(preferably CF₃), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl, —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-aryl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, aryl, or heteroaryl;R₃ is H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl(preferably CF₃), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl, —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-aryl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, aryl, heteroaryl, or OR₂;Q is a halogen; andR₆ is a carboxyl protecting group (e.g., alkyl, preferably t-butyl).

In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of preparing acompound having formula VI or VII, comprising

a) deprotecting a compound having Formula V to form a compound havingFormula VI;

b) alkylating a compound having Formula V and then deprotecting to forma compound having Formula VII.

In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of preparing acompound having formula XIII, XIV, or XV, comprising

a) protecting a compound having Formula II with an amino protectinggroup (e.g., with (Boc)₂O) to form a compound having Formula VIII;

b) condensing a compound having Formula VIII with a protected amino acid(e.g., NH₂CH₂C(O)OR₆) in a polar solvent (e.g., dimethylsulfoxide) inthe presence of a base (e.g., NaHCO₃), at an elevated temperature (e.g.,about 65° C.), to form a compound having Formula IX;

c) reducing a compound having Formula IX, e.g., in a solvent (e.g., analcohol solvent such as ethanol) with a hydrogen catalyst (e.g., 3% Pd/Cunder H₂) followed by alkylation with an aldehyde R₁CHO, in a solvent(e.g., an alcohol solvent such as ethanol) at an elevated temperature(e.g., about 70° C.), to form a compound having Formula X, which maythen be isolated (e.g., concentrated under reduced pressure and usedwithout further purification);

d) deprotecting a compound having Formula X in a solvent (e.g., dioxane)in the presence of an acid (e.g., HCl) at ambient temperature to form acompound having Formula XI;

e) condensing a compound having Formula XI with a sulfonylate (e.g.,R₃SO₂Q) in a non-polar solvent (e.g., pyridine) at ambient temperatureto form a compound having Formula XII; and

f) alkylating a compound having Formula XII with an alkyl halide in asolvent in the presence of a base (e.g., K₂CO₃) at ambient temperaturefollowed by elevated temperature (e.g., about 50° C.), and thendeprotecting by adding an acid (e.g., trifluoroacetic acid) at ambienttemperature, to form a compound having Formula XIII, which may then beisolated (e.g., concentrated and purified by preparative liquidchromatography/mass spectrometry);

g) alkylating a compound having Formula XI, with an aldehyde R₂CHO in asolvent in the presence of a reducing agent (e.g., NaBH(OAc)₃) atambient temperature followed by elevated temperature (e.g., about 50°C.), condensing with a sulfonylate (e.g., R₃SO₂Q) in a solvent (e.g.,pyridine) at ambient temperature, and then deprotecting by adding anacid (e.g., trifluoroacetic acid) at ambient temperature to form acompound having Formula XIV, which may then be isolated (e.g.,concentrated and purified by preparative liquid chromatography/massspectrometry);

h) alkylating a compound having Formula XI with an aldehyde R₂CHO in asolvent in the presence of a reducing agent (e.g., NaBH(OAc)₃) atambient temperature followed by elevated temperature (e.g., about 50°C.), followed by condensing with an acyl halide (e.g., R₄C(O)Q) in anon-polar solvent (e.g., triethylamine) at ambient temperature, and thendeprotecting by adding an acid (e.g., trifluoroacetic acid) at ambienttemperature to form a compound having Formula XV, which may then beisolated (e.g., concentrated and purified by preparative liquidchromatography/mass spectrometry);

whereinR₁ is H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl(preferably CF₃), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₁) alkynyl, or —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl;R₂ is H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl(preferably CF₃), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl, —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-aryl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, aryl, or heteroaryl;R₃ is H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl(preferably CF₃), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl, —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-aryl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, aryl, heteroaryl, or OR₂;R₄ is H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl(preferably CF₃), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl, —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-aryl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, aryl, heteroaryl, OR₂ or NR₂R₂;Q is a halogen; andR₆ is a carboxyl protecting group (e.g., alkyl, preferably t-butyl).

In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of preparing acompound having formula XIII, XIV, or XV, comprising

a) alkylating a compound having Formula XII with an alkyl halide andthen deprotecting to form a compound having Formula XIII;

b) alkylating a compound having Formula XI, with an aldehyde R₂CHO,condensing with a sulfonylate, and then deprotecting to form a compoundhaving Formula XIV;

c) alkylating a compound having Formula XI with an aldehyde R₂CHO,followed by condensing with an acyl halide, and then deprotecting toform a compound having Formula XV.

In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of preparing acompound having formula XX or XXI, comprising

a) condensing a compound having Formula XVI with a carboxylic acidR₁CO₂H in the presence of a condensation reagent (e.g., POCl₃) to form acompound having Formula XVII;

b) condensing a compound having Formula XVII with a halogenated aceticacid alkyl ester in a polar solvent (e.g., dimethylsulfoxide) at anelevated temperature (e.g., about 50-80° C.), to form a compound havingFormula XVIII;

c) reducing a compound having Formula XVIII in a solvent (e.g., analcohol solvent such as ethanol) with a hydrogen catalyst (e.g., 3% Pd/Cunder H₂) to form a compound having Formula XIX;

d) condensing a compound having Formula XIX with a sulfonylate (e.g.,R₃SO₂Q) in a solvent (e.g., pyridine) at ambient temperature, and thendeprotecting by adding an acid (e.g., trifluoroacetic acid) at ambienttemperature to form a compound having Formula XX, which may then beisolated (e.g., concentrated and purified by preparative liquidchromatography/mass spectrometry);

e) alkylating a compound having Formula XIX with an aldehyde R₂CHO in asolvent in the presence of a reducing agent (e.g., NaBH(OAc)₃) atambient temperature followed by elevated temperature (e.g., about 50°C.), condensing with a sulfonylate (e.g., R₃SO₂Q) in a solvent (e.g.,pyridine) at ambient temperature, and then deprotecting by adding anacid (e.g., trifluoroacetic acid), at ambient temperature to form acompound having Formula XXI, which may then be isolated (e.g.,concentrated and purified by preparative liquid chromatography/massspectrometry);

whereinR₁ is H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl(preferably CF₃), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, or —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl;R₂ is H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl(preferably CF₃), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl, —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-aryl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, aryl, or heteroaryl;R₃ is H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl(preferably CF₃), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl, —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-aryl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, aryl, heteroaryl, or OR₂;Q is a halogen; andR₆ is a carboxyl protecting group (e.g., alkyl, preferably t-butyl).

In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of preparing acompound having formula XX or XXI, comprising

a) condensing a compound having Formula XIX with a sulfonylate and thendeprotecting to form a compound having Formula XX;

b) alkylating a compound having Formula XIX with an aldehyde R₂CHO,condensing with a sulfonylate, and then deprotecting to form a compoundhaving Formula XXI.

In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of preparing acompound having formula XXIV, XXV, or XXVI, comprising

a) condensing a compound having Formula XVI with a carboxylic acidR₁CO₂H in the presence of a condensation reagent (e.g., POCl₃), to forma compound having Formula XVII;

b) alkylating a compound having Formula XVII with a halogenated aceticacid alkyl ester in a polar solvent (e.g., dimethylsulfoxide) at anelevated temperature (e.g., about 65° C.) to form a compound havingFormula XXII;

c) reducing a compound having Formula XXII in a solvent (e.g., analcohol solvent such as ethanol) with a hydrogen catalyst (e.g., 3% Pd/Cunder H₂) to form a compound having Formula XXIII;

d) condensing a compound having Formula XXIII with an acyl halide (e.g.,R₄C(O)Cl) in a non-polar solvent (e.g., triethylamine) at ambienttemperature, and then deprotecting by adding an acid (e.g.,trifluoroacetic acid) at ambient temperature to form a compound havingFormula XXIV, which may then be isolated (e.g., concentrated andpurified by preparative liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry);

e) condensing a compound having Formula XXIII with a sulfonylate (e.g.,R₃SO₂Q) in a solvent (e.g., pyridine) at ambient temperature, and thendeprotecting by adding an acid (e.g., trifluoroacetic acid) at ambienttemperature, to form a compound having Formula XXV, which may then beisolated (e.g., concentrated and purified by preparative liquidchromatography/mass spectrometry);

f) alkylating a compound having Formula XXIII with an aldehyde R₂CHO ina solvent in the presence of a reducing agent (e.g., NaBH(OAc)₃) atambient temperature followed by elevated temperature (e.g., about 50°C.), condensing with a sulfonylate (e.g., R₃SO₂Q) in a solvent (e.g.,pyridine) at ambient temperature, and then deprotecting by adding anacid (e.g., trifluoroacetic acid) at ambient temperature, to form acompound having Formula XXVI, which may then be isolated (e.g.,concentrated and purified by preparative liquid chromatography/massspectrometry);

whereinR₁ is H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl(preferably CF₃), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, or —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl;R₂ is H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl(preferably CF₃), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl, —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-aryl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, aryl, or heteroaryl;R₃ is H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl(preferably CF₃), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl, —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-aryl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, aryl, heteroaryl, or OR₂;R₄ is H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl(preferably CF₃), C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl, —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-aryl, —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, C₁₋₄₀alkylheteroaryl, aryl, heteroaryl, OR₂ or NR₂R₂;Q is a halogen; andR₆ is a carboxyl protecting group (e.g., alkyl, preferably t-butyl).

In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of preparing acompound having formula XXIV, XXV, or XXVI, comprising

a) condensing a compound having Formula XXIII with an acyl halide andthen deprotecting to form a compound having Formula XXIV;

b) condensing a compound having Formula XXIII with a sulfonylate andthen deprotecting to form a compound having Formula XXV;

c) alkylating a compound having Formula XXIII with an aldehyde R₂CHO,condensing with a sulfonylate, and then deprotecting to form a compoundhaving Formula XXVI.

An important aspect of the present invention is that compounds ofFormula I inhibit the binding of PGD₂ and its metabolites to the CRTH2receptor. Therefore, it is contemplated that these compounds inhibit theeffects of PGD₂ or its metabolites on cells containing CRTH2 receptors.The inhibitors of the present invention can be used to block the effectof endogenous ligands of the CRTH2 receptor in any disorder that can betreated, ameliorated, or prevented by blocking the CRTH2 receptor. Thus,the present invention provides compositions and methods for targetinganimals characterized as having elevated levels of PGD₂ or otherendogenous ligands of the CRTH2 receptor. The present invention alsocontemplates methods of treating animals having normal levels of PGD₂ orother endogenous ligands of the CRTH2 receptor that would benefit fromdecreasing the effects of these molecules to sub-normal levels.

In some embodiments, the compositions and methods of the presentinvention are used to treat diseased cells, tissues, organs, orpathological conditions and/or disease states in an animal (e.g., amammalian subject including, but not limited to, humans and veterinaryanimals). In this regard, various disorders, diseases and pathologiesare amenable to treatment or prophylaxis using the present methods andcompositions. A non-limiting list of these diseases and conditionsincludes, but is not limited to, disorders of the respiratory tract,including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchitis,rhinitis, nasal polyposis, sarcoidosis, farmer's lung, fibroid lung,idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, and cough; disordersof the bones and joints, including arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis,Reiter's disease, Behcet's disease, Sjorgren's syndrome, and systemicsclerosis; disorders of the skin and eyes, including psoriasis,dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, Lichen planus, pemphigus, epidermolysisbullosa, urticaria, angiodermas, vasculitides, erythemas, cutaneouseosinophilias, chronic skin ulcers, uveitis, corneal ulcers, andconjunctivitis; disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, includingceliac disease, proctitis, gastroenteritis, mastocytosis, Crohn'sdisease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel disease, and food-relatedallergies; disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system,including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Creutzfeldt-Jacob's disease, AIDS dementia complex, Huntington'sdisease, Guillain-Barre syndrome, multiple sclerosis, encephalomyelitis,myasthenia gravis, tropical spastic paraparesis, CNS trauma, migraine,and stroke; disorders of other tissues and systemic disorders, includingatherosclerosis, AIDS, lupus erythematosus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis,type I diabetes, nephrotic syndrome, eosinophilia fascitis, hyper IgEsyndrome, leprosy, thrombocytopenia purpura, post-operative adhesions,sepsis, ischemic/reperfusion injury, hepatitis, glomerulonephritis, andchronic renal failure; and acute and chronic allograft rejection.

Some embodiments of the present invention provide methods foradministering an effective amount of a compound of Formula I and atleast one additional therapeutic agent. The additional therapeutic agentmay be any therapeutic agent that has been used, is currently used, oris known to be useful for treating, ameliorating, or preventing adisorder encompassed by the present invention. For example, theadditional therapeutic agent may be another compound that inhibitsbinding to the CRTH2 receptor (e.g., indomethacin). In anotherembodiment, the additional therapeutic drug is one that has acomplementary effect to the compounds of the present invention. For amore detailed description of therapeutic agents, those skilled in theart are referred to instructive manuals including, but not limited to,the Physician's Desk Reference and to Goodman and Gilman's“Pharmaceutical Basis of Therapeutics” tenth edition, Eds. Hardman etal., 2002. The combination of a compound of the invention and one ormore therapeutic agents may have additive potency or an additivetherapeutic effect. The invention also encompasses synergisticcombinations where the therapeutic efficacy is greater than additive.Preferably, such combinations also reduce or avoid unwanted or adverseeffects. In certain embodiments, the combination therapies encompassedby the invention will provide an improved overall therapy relative toadministration of a compound of Formula I or any therapeutic agentalone. In certain embodiments, doses of existing or experimentaltherapeutic agents will be reduced or administered less frequently whichincreases patient compliance, thereby improving therapy and reducingunwanted or adverse effects.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents include, but are not limited to,agents used to treat asthma and rhinitis (steroids (e.g., budesonide),P-receptor agonists (e.g., albuterol), leukotriene receptor antagonists(e.g., montelukast)), agents used to treat autoimmune disease(glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil),agents used to treat nervous system disorders (anticholinesterases,dopamine, levodopa, serotonin receptor agonists (e.g., sumatriptan),amantadine, donepezil, riluzole), agents used to treatischemia/reperfusion injury (nitroglycerin, nifedipine), and agents usedto treat gastrointestinal disorders (neostigmine, metoclopramide,sulfasalazine).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a compound of Formula Iand one or more therapeutic agents are administered to an animal atdifferent periodicities, at different durations, at differentconcentrations, by different administration routes, etc. In someembodiments, the compound is administered prior to the therapeuticagent, e.g., 0.5, 1, 2 3, 4, 5, 10, 12, or 18 hours, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6days, 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks prior to the administration of the therapeuticagent. In some embodiments, the compound is administered after thetherapeutic agent, e.g., 0.5, 1, 2 3, 4, 5, 10, 12, or 18 hours, 1, 2,3, 4, 5, or 6 days, 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks after the administration of thetherapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the compound and the therapeuticagent are administered concurrently but on different schedules, e.g.,the compound is administered daily while the therapeutic agent isadministered once a week, once every two weeks, once every three weeks,or once every four weeks. In other embodiments, the compound isadministered once a week while the therapeutic agent is administereddaily, once a week, once every two weeks, once every three weeks, oronce every four weeks.

Compositions within the scope of this invention include all compositionswherein the compounds of the present invention are contained in anamount which is effective to achieve its intended purpose. Whileindividual needs vary, determination of optimal ranges of effectiveamounts of each component is within the skill of the art. Typically, thecompounds may be administered to animals, e.g. humans, orally at a doseof 0.0025 to 50 mg/kg, or an equivalent amount of the pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, per day of the body weight of the animal beingtreated for disorders responsive to inhibition of the CRTH2 receptor.Preferably, about 0.01 to about 10 mg/kg is orally administered totreat, ameliorate, or prevent such disorders. For intramuscularinjection, the dose is generally about one-half of the oral dose. Forexample, a suitable intramuscular dose would be about 0.0025 to about 25mg/kg, and most preferably, from about 0.01 to about 5 mg/kg.

The unit oral dose may comprise from about 0.01 to about 50 mg,preferably about 0.1 to about 10 mg of the compound. The unit dose maybe administered one or more times daily as one or more tablets orcapsules each containing from about 0.1 to about 10 mg, convenientlyabout 0.25 to 50 mg of the compound.

In a topical formulation, the compound may be present at a concentrationof about 0.01 to 100 mg per gram of carrier. In a preferred embodiment,the compound is present at a concentration of about 0.07-1.0 mg/ml, morepreferably, about 0.1-0.5 mg/ml, most preferably, about 0.4 mg/ml.

In addition to administering the compound as a raw chemical, thecompounds of the invention may be administered as part of apharmaceutical preparation containing suitable pharmaceuticallyacceptable carriers comprising excipients and auxiliaries whichfacilitate processing of the compounds into preparations which can beused pharmaceutically. Preferably, the preparations, particularly thosepreparations which can be administered orally or topically and which canbe used for the preferred type of administration, such as tablets,dragees, slow release lozenges and capsules, mouth rinses and mouthwashes, gels, liquid suspensions, hair rinses, hair gels, shampoos andalso preparations which can be administered rectally, such assuppositories, as well as suitable solutions for administration byinjection, topically or orally, contain from about 0.01 to 99 percent,preferably from about 0.25 to 75 percent of active compound(s), togetherwith the excipient.

The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may be administered toany animal which may experience the beneficial effects of the compoundsof the invention. Foremost among such animals are mammals, e.g., humans,although the invention is not intended to be so limited. Other animalsinclude veterinary animals (cows, sheep, pigs, horses, dogs, cats andthe like).

The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof may beadministered by any means that achieve their intended purpose. Forexample, administration may be by parenteral, subcutaneous, intravenous,intramuscular, intraperitoneal, transdermal, buccal, intrathecal,intracranial, intranasal, or topical routes. Alternatively, orconcurrently, administration may be by the oral route. The dosageadministered will be dependent upon the age, health, and weight of therecipient, kind of concurrent treatment, if any, frequency of treatment,and the nature of the effect desired.

The pharmaceutical preparations of the present invention aremanufactured in a manner which is itself known, for example, by means ofconventional mixing, granulating, dragee-making, dissolving, orlyophilizing processes. Thus, pharmaceutical preparations for oral usecan be obtained by combining the active compounds with solid excipients,optionally grinding the resulting mixture and processing the mixture ofgranules, after adding suitable auxiliaries, if desired or necessary, toobtain tablets or dragee cores.

Suitable excipients are, in particular, fillers such as saccharides, forexample lactose or sucrose, mannitol or sorbitol, cellulose preparationsand/or calcium phosphates, for example tricalcium phosphate or calciumhydrogen phosphate, as well as binders such as starch paste, using, forexample, maize starch, wheat starch, rice starch, potato starch,gelatin, tragacanth, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose,sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and/or polyvinyl pyrrolidone. If desired,disintegrating agents may be added such as the above-mentioned starchesand also carboxymethyl-starch, cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, agar,or alginic acid or a salt thereof, such as sodium alginate. Auxiliariesare, above all, flow-regulating agents and lubricants, for example,silica, talc, stearic acid or salts thereof, such as magnesium stearateor calcium stearate, and/or polyethylene glycol. Dragee cores areprovided with suitable coatings which, if desired, are resistant togastric juices. For this purpose, concentrated saccharide solutions maybe used, which may optionally contain gum arabic, talc, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol and/or titanium dioxide, lacquersolutions and suitable organic solvents or solvent mixtures. In order toproduce coatings resistant to gastric juices, solutions of suitablecellulose preparations such as acetylcellulose phthalate orhydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose phthalate, are used. Dye stuffs orpigments may be added to the tablets or dragee coatings, for example,for identification or in order to characterize combinations of activecompound doses.

Other pharmaceutical preparations which can be used orally includepush-fit capsules made of gelatin, as well as soft, sealed capsules madeof gelatin and a plasticizer such as glycerol or sorbitol. The push-fitcapsules can contain the active compounds in the form of granules whichmay be mixed with fillers such as lactose, binders such as starches,and/or lubricants such as talc or magnesium stearate and, optionally,stabilizers. In soft capsules, the active compounds are preferablydissolved or suspended in suitable liquids, such as fatty oils, orliquid paraffin. In addition, stabilizers may be added.

Possible pharmaceutical preparations which can be used rectally include,for example, suppositories, which consist of a combination of one ormore of the active compounds with a suppository base. Suitablesuppository bases are, for example, natural or synthetic triglycerides,or paraffin hydrocarbons. In addition, it is also possible to usegelatin rectal capsules which consist of a combination of the activecompounds with a base. Possible base materials include, for example,liquid triglycerides, polyethylene glycols, or paraffin hydrocarbons.

Suitable formulations for parenteral administration include aqueoussolutions of the active compounds in water-soluble form, for example,water-soluble salts and alkaline solutions. In addition, suspensions ofthe active compounds as appropriate oily injection suspensions may beadministered. Suitable lipophilic solvents or vehicles include fattyoils, for example, sesame oil, or synthetic fatty acid esters, forexample, ethyl oleate or triglycerides or polyethylene glycol-400.Aqueous injection suspensions may contain substances which increase theviscosity of the suspension include, for example, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sorbitol, and/or dextran. Optionally, the suspension may alsocontain stabilizers.

The topical compositions of this invention are formulated preferably asoils, creams, lotions, ointments and the like by choice of appropriatecarriers. Suitable carriers include vegetable or mineral oils, whitepetrolatum (white soft paraffin), branched chain fats or oils, animalfats and high molecular weight alcohol (greater than C₁₂). The preferredcarriers are those in which the active ingredient is soluble.Emulsifiers, stabilizers, humectants and antioxidants may also beincluded as well as agents imparting color or fragrance, if desired.Additionally, transdermal penetration enhancers can be employed in thesetopical formulations. Examples of such enhancers can be found in U.S.Pat. Nos. 3,989,816 and 4,444,762.

Creams are preferably formulated from a mixture of mineral oil,self-emulsifying beeswax and water in which mixture the activeingredient, dissolved in a small amount of an oil such as almond oil, isadmixed. A typical example of such a cream is one which includes about40 parts water, about 20 parts beeswax, about 40 parts mineral oil andabout 1 part almond oil.

Ointments may be formulated by mixing a solution of the activeingredient in a vegetable oil such as almond oil with warm soft paraffinand allowing the mixture to cool. A typical example of such an ointmentis one which includes about 30% almond oil and about 70% white softparaffin by weight.

Lotions may be conveniently prepared by dissolving the activeingredient, in a suitable high molecular weight alcohol such aspropylene glycol or polyethylene glycol.

The following examples are illustrative, but not limiting, of the methodand compositions of the present invention. Other suitable modificationsand adaptations of the variety of conditions and parameters normallyencountered in clinical therapy and which are obvious to those skilledin the art are within the spirit and scope of the invention.

General Analytical Conditions:

HPLC analysis and purification was performed using a Waters 2525 binarygradient pump, Waters 2767 sample manager, Waters 2487 UV detector (220and 254 nM), and Waters Micromass ZQ electrospray mass spec detector.The Micromass ZQ was set for both positive and negative ionization (conevoltage=25 and 50, respectively).

Analytical HPLC analysis was performed as follows:

Waters XTerra MS C18 50×4 6 mm 3.5 μm columnMobile Phase: 10 mM Ammonium Acetate buffer at pH 5.75 and AcetonitrileAcetonitrile: 10 to 75% at 3.5 minutes, 75 to 99% at 3.9 minutes, 99%hold to 4.2 minutes, 99 to 10% at 4.5 minutes, re-equilibrate.

Preparative HPLC was performed as follows:

Waters XTerra Prep MS C18 50×19 mm 5 μm columnMobile Phase: 10 mM Ammonium Acetate buffer at pH 5.75 and AcetonitrileAcetonitrile: 10 to 99% at 8 minutes, 99% hold to 9 minutes, 99 to 10%at 9.5 minutes, re-equilibrate.

NMR analysis was performed using a Bruker BioSpin UltraShield NMR (300MHz).

Example 1[5-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid a.) 4-Fluoro-N-(4-fluoro-3-nitro-phenyl)-benzenesulfonamide:(Scheme 1)

Pyridine (500 uL, 6.19 mmol) was added to a solution of4-fluoro-3-nitro-phenylamine (1 g, 6.41 mmol) and4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl chloride (1.2 g, 6.19 mmol) in dichloromethane(DCM) (20 mL) and the reaction was stirred at room temperatureovernight. The reaction was then partitioned between water and DCM. Theorganic layer was washed several times with water and concentrated.Recrystallization from ethanol/water gave 1.57 g of the sub-titlecompound as tan crystals.

b.) 4-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-nitro-phenylamino]-acetic acidtert-butyl ester

The product of step a.) (11.3 g, 36 mmol) in 10 mL DMSO was added to amixture of glycine tert-butyl ester hydrochloride (7.2 g, 43 mmol) andNaHCO₃ (9.0 g, 108 mmol) in 10 mL DMSO. The reaction was heated to 65°C. for 5 hours, cooled to room temperature, and partitioned betweenwater and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed several times withwater and concentrated to give 11.7 g of the sub-title compound as ayellow solid. MS: ESI (negative): 424 (M−H).

c.) [2-Amino-4-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-phenylamino]-acetic acidtert-butyl ester

The product of step b.) (1.0 g, 2.35 mmol) was stirred with 3% Pd/C (300mg) in ethanol (10 mL) under H₂ (1 atm) for 3.5 hours. The reaction wasfiltered over celite and concentrated to dryness to give the sub-titlecompound as a brown oil. MS: ESI (negative): 394 (M−H).

d.)[5-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester

The product from step c.) (100 mg, 0.25 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol(5 mL) and treated with acetic acid (2 drops) followed by butyraldehyde(35 uL, 0.39 mmol). The reaction was heated to 70° C. for 18 hours. Thereaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and concentratedunder reduced pressure to give the crude sub-title compound that wasused without further purification.

e.)[5-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid

The product of step d.) was treated with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (2mL) for 2 hours, concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to givethe title compound. 1H NMR (d6-DMSO) δ 10.01 (br s, 1H), 7.74 (dd, J=5.3Hz, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (t, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.19 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.87(dd, J=1.8 Hz, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.93 (s, 2H), 2.67 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.72(sextet, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 0.95 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H). MS: ESI (negative): 390(M−H).

Example 2[5-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-(1-methyl-butyl)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid a.)[5-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-(1-methyl-butyl)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 1)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 1, step d.)using 2-methylvaleraldehyde and was used in crude form withoutpurification.

b.)[5-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-(1-methyl-butyl)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). MS: ESI (negative): 418 (M−H).

Example 3[2-Ethyl-5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid a.)[2-Ethyl-5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 1)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 1, step d.)using propionaldehyde and was used in crude form without purification.

b.)[2-Ethyl-5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). MS: ESI (negative): 376 (M−H).

Example 4[2-(1,5-Dimethyl-hex-4-enyl)-5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid a.)[2-(1,5-Dimethyl-hex-4-enyl)-5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 1)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 1, step d.)using 2,6-dimethyl-5-hepten-1-al and was used in crude form withoutpurification.

b.)[2-(1,5-Dimethyl-hex-4-enyl)-5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). MS: ESI (negative): 458 (M−H).

Example 5[5-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-(2-methylsulfanyl-ethyl)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid a.)[5-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-(2-methylsulfanyl-ethyl)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 1)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 1, step d.)using 3-(methylthio)propionaldehyde and was used in crude form withoutpurification.

b.)[5-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-(2-methylsulfanyl-ethyl)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). MS: ESI (negative): 422 (M−H).

Example 6[2-But-1-enyl-5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid a.)[2-But-1-enyl-5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 1)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 1, step d.)using pent-2-enal and was used in crude form without purification.

b.)[2-But-1-enyl-5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). MS: ESI (negative): 403 (M−H).

Example 7[5-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-isobutyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid a.)[5-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-isobutyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 1)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 1, step d.)using isovaleraldehyde and was used in crude form without purification.

b.)[5-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-isobutyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). 1H NMR (d6-DMSO) δ 10.03 (brs, 1H), 7.75 (dd, J=5.4 Hz, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (t, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.29(d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (dd, J=1.8 Hz, J=8.7 Hz,1H), 4.93 (s, 2H), 2.59 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.13 (sext., J=6.6 Hz, 1H),0.92 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 6H). MS: ESI (negative): 404 (M−H).

Example 8[5-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-(2,4,4-trimethyl-pentyl)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid a.)[5-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-(2,4,4-trimethyl-pentyl)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 1)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 1, step d.)using 3,5,5-trimethylhexanal and was used in crude form withoutpurification.

b.)[5-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-(2,4,4-trimethyl-pentyl)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). MS: ESI (negative): 460 (M−H).

Example 9[5-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-pentyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid a.)[5-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-pentyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 1)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 1, step d.)using hexanal and was used in crude form without purification.

b.)[5-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-pentyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). MS: ESI (negative): 418 (M−H).

Example 10[2-(1-Ethyl-pentyl)-5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid a.)[2-(1-Ethyl-pentyl)-5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 1)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 1, step d.)using 2-ethyl hexanal and was used in crude form without purification.

b.)[2-(1-Ethyl-pentyl)-5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). 1H NMR (d6-DMSO) δ 10.08 (s,1H), 7.88 (dd, J=5.3 Hz, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (t, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.29 (d,J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (dd, J=1.8 Hz, J=8.7 Hz,1H), 5.00 (s, 2H), 2.80 (quin., J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 1.56-1.75 (m, 4H),1.01-1.24 (m, 4H), 0.77 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H), 0.72 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 31-1). MS:ESI (negative): 446 (M−H).

Example 11[2-(2-Allyloxycarbonylamino-ethyl)-5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid a.) (3,3-Diethoxy-propyl)-carbamic acid allyl ester: (Scheme 1)

But-3-enoyl chloride (930 uL, 8.84 mmol) was added slowly to a rapidlystirring mixture of 3,3-diethoxy-propylamine (1.0 g, 6.80 mmol) andNaHCO₃ (2 mL of 0.6 M NaHCO₃ in water) in DCM (100 mL). The reaction wasstirred at room temperature overnight, then partitioned between waterand DCM. The organic layer was washed several times with water andconcentrated to give the crude sub-title compound that was used withoutfurther purification.

b.)[2-(2-Allyloxycarbonylamino-ethyl)-5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 1, step d.)using (3,3-Diethoxy-propyl)-carbamic acid allyl ester and was used incrude form without purification.

c.)[2-(2-Allyloxycarbonylamino-ethyl)-5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step b.). MS: ESI (negative): 475.5(M−H).

Example 12[2-Butyl-5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid a.)[2-Butyl-5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 1)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 1, step d.)using valeraldehyde and was used in crude form without purification.

b.)[2-Butyl-5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). 1H NMR (d6-DMSO) δ 10.01 (brs, 1H), 7.73 (dd, J=5.4 Hz, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.28-7.37 (m, 3H), 7.18 (d,J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (dd, J=1.5 Hz, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.95 (s, 2H), 2.69 (t,J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.67 (quin., J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.35 (sext., J=7.5 Hz, 2H),0.88 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H). MS: ESI (negative): 404 (M−H).

Example 13[5-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-isopropyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid a.)[5-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-isopropyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 1)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 1, step d.)using isobutyraldehyde and was used in crude form without purification.

b.)[5-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-isopropyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). MS: ESI (negative): 390 (M−H).

Example 14{5-[Benzyl-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[Benzyl-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 1)

The product from example 1, step d.) (1.13 g, 2.53 mmol) was dissolvedin dimethylformamide (DMF) (30 mL), treated with K₂CO₃ (524 mg, 3.79mmol), benzyl bromide (340 uL, 2.78 mmol), and stirred at roomtemperature overnight. The reaction mixture was partitioned betweenethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed several times withwater and concentrated under reduced pressure. This compound waspurified by chromatography (EtOAc/Hex) prior to use in subsequent steps.

b.){5-[Benzyl-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The product from step a.) was treated with TFA for one hour andconcentrated. The title compound was purified by preparative LCMS. 1HNMR (d6-DMSO) δ 7.75 (dd, J=5.1 Hz, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (t, J=8.7 Hz,2H), 7.11-7.31 (m, 7H), 6.82 (dd, J=1.8 Hz, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 5.00 (s, 2H),4.84 (s, 2H), 3.13 (sext., J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 1.57 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 6H). MS:ESI (negative): 480 (M−H).

Example 15{5-[Benzyl-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-butyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[Benzyl-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-butyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 1)

The product from example 12, step a.) (56 mg, 0.126 mmol) was dissolvedin DMF (3 mL), treated with K₂CO₃ (26 mg, 0.189 mmol), benzyl bromide(15 uL, 0.126 mmol), and stirred at room temperature overnight.Additional benzyl bromide (15 uL, 0.126 mmol), was added and thereaction was stirred for 72 hours. The reaction mixture was partitionedbetween ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed severaltimes with water and concentrated under reduced pressure to give thesub-title compound that was used in crude form without purification.

b.){5-[Benzyl-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-butyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). MS: ESI (negative): 494 (M−H).

Example 16{5-[Benzyl-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-isopropyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[Benzyl-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-isopropyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid: (Scheme 1)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 15, stepa.) using the product from example 13, step a.) and was used in crudeform without purification.

b.){5-[Benzyl-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-isopropyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). 1H NMR (d6-DMSO) δ 7.75 (dd,J=5.1, 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (t, J=8.7 2H), 7.11-7.31 (m, 7H), 6.82 (dd,J=1.8, 8.7 Hz, 1H), 5.00 (s, 2H), 4.84 (s, 2H), 3.13 (sext., J=6.9 Hz,1H) 1.57 (d, J=−6.9 Hz, 6H). MS: ESI (negative): 480.5 (M−H).

Example 17{2-Butyl-5-[(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-methyl-amino]-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){2-Butyl-5-[(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-methyl-amino]-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 1)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 15, stepa.) using the product from example 12, step a.) and methyl iodide andwas used in crude form without purification.

b.){2-Butyl-5-[(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-methyl-amino]-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). MS: ESI (negative): 418 (M−H).

Example 18{5-[Ethoxycarbonylmethyl-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[Ethoxycarbonylmethyl-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 1)

The product from example 1, step d.) (50 mg, 0.111 mmol) was dissolvedin DMF (1 mL), treated with K₂CO₃ (23 mg, 0.167 mmol), bromo-acetic acidethyl ester (25 uL, 0.133 mmol), and stirred at ambient temperatureovernight. The reaction was heated to 50° C. for 2 hours, then moreK₂CO₃ (23 mg, 0.167 mmol) and bromo-acetic acid ethyl ester (25 uL,0.133 mmol) were added and the reaction was heated to 80° C. for threehours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature andpartitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer waswashed several times with water and concentrated under reduced pressureto give the sub-title compound that was used in crude form withoutpurification.

b.){5-[Ethoxycarbonylmethyl-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). 1H NMR (MeOD) δ 7.75 (dd,J=5.1 Hz, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.51 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H),7.28 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.16 (dd, J=1.8 Hz, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 5.04 (s, 2H),4.56 (s, 2H), 2.94 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.58 (sext., J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.25(t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.08 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H). MS: ESI (negative): 476.5(M−H).

Example 19{5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 1)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 18, stepa.) using 4-fluorobenzyl bromide and was used in crude form withoutpurification.

b.){5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). 1H NMR (d6-DMSO) δ 7.72 (dd,J=5.1 Hz, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.45 (t, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (t, J=8.7 Hz, 2H),7.27 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (t, J=8.7 Hz, 2H),6.80 (dd, J=1.8 Hz, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.99 (s, 2H), 4.81 (s, 2H), 2.67 (t,J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.73 (sext., J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 0.95 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H). MS:ESI (negative): 498 (M−H).

Example 20{5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(3-methyl-butyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(3-methyl-butyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 1)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 18, stepa.) using 1-iodo-3-methyl-butane and was used in crude form withoutpurification.

b.){5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(3-methyl-butyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). MS: ESI (negative): 460 (M−H).

Example 21{5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-isopropyl-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-isopropyl-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 1)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 18, stepa.) using 2-iodopropane and was used in crude form without purification.

b.){5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-isopropyl-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). MS: ESI (negative): 432 (M−H).

Example 22{5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(2-methyl-thiazol-4-ylmethyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(2-methyl-thiazol-4-ylmethyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 1)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 18, stepa.) using 4-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-thiazole and was used in crudeform without purification.

b.){5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(2-methyl-thiazol-4-ylmethyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). MS: ESI (negative): 501 (M−H).

Example 23{5-[(2,3-Dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-2-ylmethyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[(2,3-Dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-2-ylmethyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 1)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 18, stepa.) using 2-bromomethyl-1,4-benzodioxane and was used in crude formwithout purification.

b.) {5-[(2,3-Dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-2-ylmethyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). MS: ESI (negative): 538 (M−H).

Example 24{5-[(3,5-Dimethyl-isoxazol-4-ylmethyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[(3,5-Dimethyl-isoxazol-4-ylmethyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 1)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 18, stepa.) using 4-(chloromethyl)-3,5-dimethylisoxazole and was used in crudeform without purification.

b.){5-[(3,5-Dimethyl-isoxazol-4-ylmethyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). MS: ESI (negative): 499 (M−H).

Example 255-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid a.)(4-Fluoro-3-nitro-phenyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 2)

To a stirred solution of 4-fluoro-3-nitro-phenylamine (10 g, 0.064 mol)in dry THF (300 mL) was added di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (25 g, 0.192mol) and the reaction was heated to 80° C. for 24 hours. Additionaldi-tert-butyl dicarbonate (7.0 g, 0.032 mol) was added and the reactionwas heated for 24 hours. The reaction was then concentrated, diluted inethyl acetate, and washed three times with water. The crude product waspurified by silica-gel chromatography (EtOAc/Hex) to give 8.0 g of thesub-title compound as a yellow powder. MS: ESI (negative): 255 (M−H).

b.) (4-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-2-nitro-phenylamino)-acetic acidtert-butyl ester

The product of step a.) (8.0 g, 32 mmol), glycine tert-butyl esterhydrochloride (6.3 g, 38 mmol), and Na₂CO₃ (10 g, 96 mmol) were heatedto 65° C. overnight in DMF (75 mL). The reaction was diluted in ethylacetate and washed several times with water. The crude product waspurified by silica-gel chromatography (EtOAc/Hex) to give the sub-titlecompound as a red oil. MS: ESI (positive): 368 (M+H).

c.) (2-Amino-4-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-phenylamino)-acetic acidtert-butyl ester

The product of step b.) (2.0 g, 5.45 mmol) was stirred with 3% Pd/C (200mg) in ethanol (20 mL) under H₂ (1 atm) for 90 minutes. The reaction wasfiltered over celite and concentrated to dryness to give the sub-titlecompound as a brown oil. This compound was used in crude form withoutpurification. MS: ESI (positive): 338 (M+H).

d.) (5-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acidtert-butyl ester

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 1, step d.)using the product of step c.) and was used in crude form withoutpurification. MS: ESI (positive): 390 (M+H).

e.) (5-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid

The product of step d.) was dissolved in 3 mL ethanol, treated with 1 MNaOH (500 μL), and heated to 70° C. for one hour. The reaction wasdiluted in DCM and extracted with water. The aqueous layer was acidifiedwith 1 M HCl and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was washed withwater, concentrated and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. MS: ESI (positive): 334 (M+H).

Example 26[2-Propyl-5-(1,1,3-trioxo-1,3-dihydro-1λ⁶-benzo[d]isothiazol-2-yl)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid a.) (5-Amino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid tert-butylester: (Scheme 2)

The product of example 25, step d.) (140 mg, 0.359 mmol) was stirred in4 M HCl in dioxane (1 mL) at ambient temperature for an hour. Thereaction was concentrated to give the sub-title compound that was usedin crude form without purification. MS: ESI (positive): 290 (M+H).

b.)2-(1-tert-Butoxycarbonylmethyl-2-propyl-1H-benzoimidazol-5-ylsulfamoyl)-benzoicacid methyl ester

The product of step a.) (40 mg, 0.138 mmol) was stirred with2-chlorosulfonyl-benzoic acid methyl ester (32 mg, 0.138 mmol), pyridine(200 μL, 2.481 mmol), and Et₃N (20 μL, 0.143 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) atambient temperature overnight. The reaction was then diluted in DCM andwashed with water 3× and concentrated to give the sub-title compoundthat was used in crude form without purification. MS: ESI (positive):488 (M+H).

c.)[2-Propyl-5-(1,1,3-trioxo-1,3-dihydro-1λ⁶-benzo[d]isothiazol-2-yl)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester

The product of step b.) (33 mg, 0.069 mmol) was stirred in methanol (2mL) with Et₃N (10 μL, 0.069 mmol) at 65° C. for two hours withoutchange. The reaction was concentrated to dryness and redissolved intoluene (2 mL). Et₃N (10 μL, 0.069 mmol) was added to the solution andthe reaction was heated to 110° C. overnight. Additional Et₃N (35 μL,0.242 mmol) was added and the reaction was heated overnight to completereaction. The reaction was then concentrated to give the sub-titlecompound that was used in crude form without purification. MS: ESI(positive): 456 (M+H).

d.) [2-Propyl-5-(1,1,3-trioxo-1,3-dihydro-1λ⁶-benzo[d]isothiazol-2-yl)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-acetic acid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step c.). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 8.17 (t,J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.98-8.09 (m, 2H), 7.72 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=8.4Hz, 1H), 7.34 (dd, J=2.1 Hz, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.81 (s, 2H), 2.92 (t, J=7.5Hz, 2H), 1.86-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.08 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS: ESI (negative):398 (M−H).

Example 27{5-[(3-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.) [5-(4-Fluoro-benzylamino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 2)

Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (191 mg, 0.900 mmol) was added to asolution of the product of example 26, step a.) (500 mg, 1.73 mmol) and4-fluoro-benzaldehyde (73 μL, 0.692 mmol) in DCE (5 mL) and the reactionwas stirred under N₂ at ambient temperature for 72 hours. The reactionwas diluted in ethyl acetate, washed with H₂O (×3) and concentrated togive the subtitle compound in crude form. This compound was purified bysilica-gel chromatography (EtOAc/Hex) prior to use in subsequent steps(288 mg, 42%). MS: ESI (positive): 398 (M+H).

b.){5-[(3-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester

Pyridine (200 μL, 2.481 mmol) and Et₃N (15 μL, 0.104 mmol) were added toa solution of the product of step a.) (40 mg, 0.100 mmol) and3-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl chloride (13 μL, 0.100 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) andthe reaction was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The reactionwas diluted in DCM and washed with H₂O. The organic layer wasconcentrated to give the sub-title compound that was used in crude formwithout purification.

c.){5-[(3-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step b.). ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.46-7.71(m, 4H), 7.28-7.35 (m, 3H), 7.17 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (t, J=8.7 Hz,2H), 6.81 (dd, J=1.5 Hz, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 5.00 (s, 2H), 4.87 (s, 2H), 2.69(t, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 1.73 (sext., J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 0.95 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).MS: ESI (negative): 498 (M−H).

Example 28{5-[(2-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[(2-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 2)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 27, stepb.) using 2-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl chloride and was used in crude formwithout purification.

b.){5-[(2-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.76 (dd,J=6.6 Hz, J=13.2 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (dd, J=6.9 Hz, J=15.3 Hz, 2H), 7.28-7.34(m, 4H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 7.09 (t, J=8.7 Hz, 3H), 6.81 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H),4.96 (s, 2H), 4.80-4.89 (m, 2H), 2.67 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.71 (sext.,J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 0.94 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H). MS: ESI (negative): 498 (M−H).

Example 29{5-[Ethanesulfonyl-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[Ethanesulfonyl-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 2)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 27, stepb.) using ethanesulfonyl chloride and was used in crude form withoutpurification.

b.){5-[Ethanesulfonyl-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 7.46 (d,J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.18-7.36 (m, 4H), 6.94 (t, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 4.91 (s, 2H),4.71 (s, 2H), 3.18 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.83 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 1.85 (m,2H), 1.40 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.04 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS: ESI (negative):432 (M−H).

Example 30{5-[(4-Fluoro-benzyl)-(2-methoxy-acetyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[(4-Fluoro-benzyl)-(2-methoxy-acetyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 2)

Et₃N (15 μL, 0.104 mmol) was added to a solution of the product ofexample 27 step a.) (40 mg, 0.100 mmol) and methoxy-acetyl chloride (10μL, 0.100 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) and the reaction was stirred at ambienttemperature overnight. The reaction was diluted in DCM and washed withH₂O. The organic layer was concentrated to give the sub-title compoundthat was used in crude form without purification.

b.){5-[(4-Fluoro-benzyl)-(2-methoxy-acetyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.33 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.21-7.29 (m, 4H), 7.09 (t, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.88 (dd,J=1.8 Hz, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.84 (s, 2H), 4.62 (s, 2H), 3.76 (s, 2H), 2.69(t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.75 (sext., J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 0.96 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).MS: ESI (negative): 412 (M−H).

Example 31{5-[Cyclopropanecarbonyl-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[Cyclopropanecarbonyl-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 2)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 30, stepa.) using cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride and was used in crude formwithout purification.

b.){5-[Cyclopropanecarbonyl-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). ¹1-1 NMR (CD₃OD) δ 7.40 (d,J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.16-7.21 (m, 3H), 6.94-7.05 (m,3H), 4.72 (s, 2H), 2.84 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.86 (sext., J=7.8 Hz, 2H),1.40 (sept., J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 1.04 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H), 0.93-0.98 (m, 2H),0.61-0.67 (m, 2H). MS: ESI (negative): 410 (M−H).

Example 32{5-[Benzoyl-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[Benzoyl-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 2)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 30, stepa.) using benzoyl chloride and was used in crude form withoutpurification.

b.){5-[Benzoyl-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.31-7.36 (m,4H), 7.08-7.24 (m, 7H), 6.82 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 5.09 (s, 2H), 4.84 (s,2H), 2.63 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.70 (sext., J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 0.93 (t, J=7.5Hz, 3H). MS: ESI (negative): 444 (M−H).

Example 33{5-[Acetyl-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[Acetyl-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 2)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 30, stepa.) using acetyl chloride and was used in crude form withoutpurification.

b.){5-[Acetyl-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.) ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.30 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.21-7.25 (m, 3H), 7.08 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.86 (d, J=8.4Hz, 1H), 4.85 (s, 2H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 2.69 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.69-1.80(m, 5H), 0.97 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS: ESI (negative): 382 (M−H).

Example 34{4-[Benzyl-(3-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.) 4-Nitro-2-propyl-1H-benzoimidazole: (Scheme 3)

3-Nitro-benzene-1,2-diamine (1.0 g, 6.54 mmol) and butyraldehyde (630μL, 7.19 mmol) were stirred in POCl₃ (10 mL) at 85° C. for 3 hours. Thereaction was cooled to ambient temperature and poured over ice. Theresulting mixture was basified with NH₄OH. The precipitate was filteredand washed with ice water to give 1.17 g of the sub-title compound thatwas used without further purification.

b.) (7-Nitro-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester(Regioisomer 1) and (4-nitro-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acidtert-butyl ester (Regioisomer 2)

Potassium tert-butoxide (180 mg, 1.62 mmol) was added to a solution ofthe product from step a.) (300 mg, 1.46 mmol) in DMSO (3 mL) and wasstirred at ambient temperature for 30 minutes. Bromo-acetic acidtert-butyl ester (240 μL, 1.62 mmol) was added and the reaction wasstirred at ambient temperature overnight. The reaction was poured intoH₂O (10 mL) and extracted into ethyl acetate. The organic layers werewashed several times with water, dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated to give the crude product as a brown oil that was purifiedby silica-gel chromatography using a ethyl acetate/hexanes gradient(5-30% ethyl acetate) to give regioisomer 1 (R_(f(regioisomer 1)): 0.60,TLC-1:1/hexane:ethylacetate) (0.087 g) and regioisomer 2(R_(f(regioisomer 2)): 0.40, TLC-1:1/hexane:ethylacetate) (0.127 g) ofthe subtitle compound (0.214 g, combined yield: 67%). MS: ESI(positive): 320 (M+H).

Note: Regiochemical assignments were based on catalytic reduction ofboth purified isomers followed by TFA deprotection to give2-propyl-6H-imidazo[1,5,4-de]quinoxalin-5-one (from regioisomer 1); MS:ESI (positive): 216 (M+H) and(4-amino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid (from regioisomer 2);MS: ESI (positive): 234 (M+H).

c.) (4-Amino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 1, step c.)using (4-nitro-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester(regioisomer 2) from step b.) and 10% Pd/C and was used in crude formwithout purification. MS: ESI (positive): 290 (M+H).

d.)[4-(3-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 27, stepb.) using the product from step c.) and was used in crude form withoutpurification.

e.){4-[Benzyl-(3-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester

The product from step d.) (45 mg, 0.103 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (1mL), treated with K₂CO₃ (20 mg, 0.145 mmol), benzyl bromide (25 μL,0.206 mmol), and stirred at 80° C. for 3.5 hours. The reaction mixturewas partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer waswashed several times with water and concentrated under reduced pressureto give the sub-title compound that was used in crude form withoutpurification.

f.){4-[Benzyl-(3-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step e.). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 7.13-7.49 (m,10H), 7.04 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 5.15 (s, 2H), 4.65(s, 2H), 2.78 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 1.74 (sext., J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.00 (t,J=7.5 Hz, 3H). MS: ESI (negative): 480 (M−H).

Example 35{4-[(3-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){4-[(3-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 3)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 34, stepe.) using 1-bromo-2-methoxy-ethane and was used in crude form withoutpurification.

b.){4-[(3-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 7.44-7.47 (m,4H), 7.28-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.15 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H),4.68 (s, 2H), 4.11 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.39 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.22 (s,3H), 2.77 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.73 (sext., J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 0.99 (t, J=7.2Hz, 3H). MS: ESI (negative): 448 (M−H).

Example 36{4-[(3-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(3-methyl-butyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){4-[(3-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(3-methyl-butyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 3)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 34, stepe.) using 1-iodo-3-methyl-butane and was used in crude form withoutpurification.

b.){4-[(3-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(3-methyl-butyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.64 (d,J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.42-7.53 (m, 3H), 7.37 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (t, J=7.5Hz, 1H), 7.03 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (s, 2H), 3.94 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H),2.60 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.55-1.70 (m, 3H), 1.17 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 0.88(t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H), 0.75 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 6H). MS: ESI (negative): 460(M−H).

Example 37{4-[(3-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){(4-[(3-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 3)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 34, stepe.) using 1-bromomethyl-4-fluoro-benzene and was used in crude formwithout purification.

b.){4-[(3-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 7.23-7.49 (m,7H), 7.09 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.85-6.92 (m, 3H), 5.10 (s, 2H), 4.72 (s,2H), 2.81 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.75 (sext., J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.00 (t, J=7.2Hz, 3H). MS: ESI (negative): 498 (M−H).

Example 38{4-[(3-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-isopropyl-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){4-[(3-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-isopropyl-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester: (Scheme 3)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 34, stepe.) using 2-iodo-propane and was used in crude form withoutpurification.

b.){4-[(3-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-isopropyl-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step a.). ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 8.46 (dt,J=1.8 Hz, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.51-7.72 (m, 2H), 7.43(d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.57(s, 2H), 4.12 (quint., J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 2.74 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.85(sext., J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 0.97-1.05 (m, 9H). MS: ESI (negative): 432 (M−H).

Example 39{4-[Benzyl-(4-fluoro-phenylmethanesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.)[4-(4-Fluoro-phenylmethanesulfonylamino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid: (Scheme 3)

Pyridine (800 μL, 9.92 mmol) and Et₃N (90 μL, 0.624 mmol) were added toa solution of the product of example 34, step c.) (75 mg, 0.260 mmol)and 4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl chloride (94 mg, 0.452 mmol) in DCM (10 mL)and the reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for three days.Incomplete reaction was observed. The reaction was concentrated,dissolved in DMF (2 mL) and pyridine (200 μL, 2.48 mmol), and heated to80° C. overnight. Additional 4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl chloride (20 mg,0.096 mmol) was added to the reaction and heating was continued for 2 h.The reaction was diluted in ethyl acetate and washed with H₂O. Theorganic layer was concentrated to give the sub-title compound that wasused in crude form without purification.

b.){4-[Benzyl-(4-fluoro-phenylmethanesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 34, stepe.) using the product from step a.) and was used in crude form withoutpurification.

c.){4-[Benzyl-(4-fluoro-phenylmethanesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step b.). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 7.55 (dd,J=5.4 Hz, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.16-7.21 (m, 5H),7.02-7.10 (m, 3H), 6.91 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 5.11 (s, 2H), 4.74 (s, 2H),4.62 (s, 2H), 2.95 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 1.88-2.01 (m, 2H), 1.09 (t, J=7.5Hz, 3H). MS: ESI (negative): 494 (M−H).

Example 40{7-[Benzyl-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.) (7-Amino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid tert-butylester: (Scheme 3)

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 1, step c.)using (7-nitro-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid tert-butyl esterfrom example 34, step b.) (regioisomer 1) and 10% Pd/C and was used incrude form without purification.

b.)[7-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester

Pyridine (53 μL, 0.656 mmol) was added to a solution of the product ofstep a.) (189 mg, 0.656 mmol) and 4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl chloride (127mg, 0.656 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) and the reaction was stirred at ambienttemperature for 72 hours. The reaction was diluted in DCM and washedwith H₂O. The organic layer was concentrated to give the sub-titlecompound that was used in crude form without purification.

c.){7-[Benzyl-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester

The sub-title compound was prepared by the method of example 34, stepe.) using the product from step b.) and was used in crude form withoutpurification.

d.){7-[Benzyl-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

The title compound was prepared by the method described in example 1,step e.) using the product from step c.). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 7.87 (dd,J=5.1 Hz, J=9 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (dd, J=5.1 Hz, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.55 (d, J=7.5Hz, 1H), 7.32 (t, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.04-7.18 (m, 6H), 6.47 (d, J=7.8 Hz,1H), 5.18 (s, 2H), 2.71 (oct., J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.81 (sext., J=7.5 Hz,2H), 0.99 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). MS: ESI (negative): 480 (M−H).

Example 41{5-[(2-Chloro-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.) 4-Fluoro-N-(4-fluoro-3-nitro-phenyl)-benzenesulfonamide.(Scheme 1)

Pyridine (500 μL, 6.19 mmol) was added to a solution of4-fluoro-3-nitro-phenylamine (1 g, 6.41 mmol) and4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl chloride (1.2 g, 6.19 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) andthe reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction wasthen partitioned between water and DCM. The organic layer was washedseveral times with water and concentrated. Recrystallization fromethanol/water gave 1.57 g of the sub-title compound as tan crystals.

b.) 4-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-nitro-phenylamino]-acetic acidtert-butyl ester

Glycine tert-butyl ester hydrochloride (7.2 g, 43 mmol) and NaHCO₃ (9.0g, 108 mmol) were added to a solution of4-fluoro-N-(4-fluoro-3-nitro-phenyl)-benzenesulfonamide (11.3 g, 36.0mmol) in DMSO (36 mL). The reaction was heated to 65° C. for 5 hours,cooled to room temperature, and partitioned between H₂O and EtOAc. Theorganic layer was washed several times with H₂O and concentrated toafford 11.4 g (75% yield) of the sub-title compound as a yellow solid.MS calculated for C₁₈H₂₀FN₃O₆S—H: 424, observed: 424.

c.) [2-Amino-4-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-phenylamino]-acetic acidtert-butyl ester

4-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-nitro-phenylamino]-acetic acidtert-butyl ester (11.4 g, 26.8 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (135 mL) andpurged with N₂. Palladium on activated carbon (3.4 g, 10% by weight) wasadded, and the reaction mixture was charged with a balloon of H₂. Thereaction mixture was stirred for 3 h at room temperature, and thenfiltered through a pad of celite. The celite was washed with MeOH, andthe filtrate was concentrated to afford 12.5 g (quantitative yield) ofthe sub-titled compound. MS calculated for C₁₈H₂₂FN₃O₄S—H: 394,observed: 394.

d.)[5-(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester

Butyraldehyde (3.8 mL, 41.8 mmol) and acetic acid (1.4 mL) were added toa solution of[2-amino-4-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-phenylamino]-acetic acidtert-butyl ester (12.5 g, 26.8 mmol) in EtOH (135 mL), and stirredovernight at 70° C. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambienttemperature and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crudesub-titled compound that was used without further purification. MScalculated for C₂₂H₂₆FN₃O₄S—H: 446, observed: 446.

e.){5-[(2-Chloro-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester

2-Chlorobenzyl chloride (0.27 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (63 mg, 0.45 mmol) wereadded to a solution of[5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-propyl-berizoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) in CH₃CN (1 mL), and stirredovernight at 80° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and H₂O,and then filtered through an Extrelut column. The column was washed withEtOAc, and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude product was carriedonto the next reaction without any further purification orcharacterization.

f.){5-[(2-Chloro-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[(2-Chloro-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2 hours,concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.72 (m, 2H), 7.48 (m, 3H), 7.30 (m, 3H),7.21 (m, 2H), 6.81 (dd, 1H), 4.96 (s, 2H), 4.87 (s, 2H), 2.67 (t, 2H),1.72 (m, 2H), 0.94 (t, 3H). MS calculated for C₂₅H₂₃FClN₃O₄S—H: 514,observed: 514.

Example 42{5-[(3-Chloro-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[(3-Chloro-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 1)

3-Chlorobenzyl chloride (0.27 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (63 mg, 0.45 mmol) wereadded to a solution of[5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) in CH₃CN (1 mL), and stirredovernight at 80° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and H₂O,and then filtered through an Extrelut column. The column was washed withEtOAc, and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude product was carriedonto the next reaction without any further purification orcharacterization.

b.){5-[(3-Chloro-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[(3-Chloro-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2 hours,concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.72 (m, 2H), 7.46 (m, 2H), 7.23 (m, 4H),7.16 (d, 1H), 7.10 (d, 1H), 6.76 (dd, 1H), 4.82 (s, 2H), 4.32 (s, 2H),2.67 (t, 2H), 1.72 (m, 2H), 0.94 (t, 3H). MS calculated forC₂₅H₂₃FClN₃O₄S—H: 514, observed: 514.

Example 43{5-[(4-Chloro-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

a.){5-[(4-Chloro-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 1)

4-Chlorobenzyl chloride (0.27 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (63 mg, 0.45 mmol) wereadded to a solution of[5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) in CH₃CN (1 mL), and stirredovernight at 80° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and H₂O,and then filtered through an Extrelut column. The column was washed withEtOAc, and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude product was carriedonto the next reaction without any further purification orcharacterization.

b.){5-[(4-Chloro-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[(4-Chloro-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2 hours,concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.72 (m, 2H), 7.48 (m, 2H), 7.31 (m, 4H),7.18 (d, 1H), 7.08 (d, 1H), 6.72 (dd, 1H), 4.81 (s, 2H), 4.35 (s, 2H),2.67 (t, 2H), 1.72 (m, 2H), 0.94 (t, 3H). MS calculated forC₂₅H₂₃FClN₃O₄S—H: 514, observed: 514.

Example 44{5-[(2,3-Dichloro-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[(2,3-Dichloro-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 1)

2,3-Dichlorobenzyl chloride (0.27 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (63 mg, 0.45 mmol)were added to a solution of[5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) in CH₃CN (1 mL), and stirredovernight at 80° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and H₂O,and then filtered through an Extrelut column. The column was washed withEtOAc, and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude product was carriedonto the next reaction without any further purification orcharacterization.

b.){5-[(2,3-Dichloro-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[(2,3-Dichloro-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2 hours,concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.72 (m, 2H), 7.48 (m, 4H), 7.22 (m, 3H),6.79 (dd, 1H), 4.99 (s, 2H), 4.51 (s, 2H), 2.67 (t, 2H), 1.72 (m, 2H),0.94 (t, 3H). MS calculated for C₂₅H₂₂FCl₂N₃O₄S—H: 548, observed: 548.

Example 45{5-[(2-Trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[(2-Trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 1)

2-Trifluoromethylbenzyl bromide (0.27 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (63 mg, 0.45 mmol)were added to a solution of[5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) in CH₃CN (1 mL), and stirredovernight at 80° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and H₂O,and then filtered through an Extrelut column. The column was washed withEtOAc, and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude product was carriedonto the next reaction without any further purification orcharacterization.

b.) {5-[(2-Trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[(2-Trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2 hours,concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.88 (d, 1H), 7.72 (m, 2H), 7.62 (m, 2H),7.44 (m, 3H), 7.32 (d, 1H), 7.23 (d, 1H), 6.86 (dd, 1H), 5.03 (s, 2H),4.95 (s, 2H), 2.67 (t, 2H), 1.72 (m, 2H), 0.96 (t, 3H). MS calculatedfor C₂₆H₂₃F₄N₃O₄S—H: 548, observed: 548.

Example 46{5-[(Cyclohexyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[(Cyclohexyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 1)

Cyclohexyl bromide (0.27 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (63 mg, 0.45 mmol) were addedto a solution of[5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) in CH₃CN (1 mL), and stirredovernight at 80° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and H₂O,and then filtered through an Extrelut column. The column was washed withEtOAc, and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude product was carriedonto the next reaction without any further purification orcharacterization.

b.){5-[(Cyclohexyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[(Cyclohexyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2 hours,concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.81 (m, 1H), 7.42 (m, 3H), 7.08 (d, 1H),6.79 (dd, 1H), 4.98 (s, 2H), 4.11 (m, 1H), 2.72 (t, 2H), 1.79 (m, 4H),1.65 (m, 2H), 1.31 (m, 3H), 0.99 (m, 5H), 0.79 (m, 1H). MS calculatedfor C₂₄H₂₈FN₃O₄S—H: 472, observed: 472.

Example 47{5-[[2-(4-Chloro-phenoxy)-ethyl]-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[[2-(4-Chloro-phenoxy)-ethyl]-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 1)

4-Chlorophenyl 2-bromoethyl ether (0.27 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (63 mg, 0.45mmol) were added to a solution of[5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) in CH₃CN (1 mL), and stirredovernight at 80° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and H₂O,and then filtered through an Extrelut column. The column was washed withEtOAc, and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude product was carriedonto the next reaction without any further purification orcharacterization.

b.){5-[[2-(4-Chloro-phenoxy)-ethyl]-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino}-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[[2-(4-Chloro-phenoxy)-ethyl]-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2 hours,concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.71 (m, 2H), 7.41 (m, 2H), 7.28 (m, 3H),7.11 (d, 1H), 6.95 (d, 1H), 6.82 (m, 2H), 4.66 (s, 2H), 3.98 (m, 4H),2.71 (t, 2H), 1.72 (m, 2H), 0.99 (t, 3H). MS calculated forC₂₆H₂₅FClN₃O₅S—H: 544, observed: 544.

Example 48{5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(3-phenyl-propyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(3-phenyl-propyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 1)

1-Bromo-3-phenylpropane (0.27 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (63 mg, 0.45 mmol) wereadded to a solution of[5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) in CH₃CN (1 mL), and stirredovernight at 80° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and H₂O,and then filtered through an Extrelut column. The column was washed withEtOAc, and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude product was carriedonto the next reaction without any further purification orcharacterization.

b.){5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(3-phenyl-propyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(3-phenyl-propyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2 hours,concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.62 (m, 2H), 7.41 (m, 2H), 7.25 (m, 3H),7.11 (d, 3H), 6.82 (m, 1H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 3.62 (t, 2H), 2.71 (t, 2H),2.60 (m, 2H), 1.72 (m, 2H), 1.58 (m, 2H), 0.99 (t, 3H). MS calculatedfor C₂₇H₂₈FN₃O₄S—H: 508, observed: 508.

Example 49{5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(3-phenoxy-propyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(3-phenoxy-propyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 1)

3-Phenoxypropyl bromide (0.27 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (63 mg, 0.45 mmol) wereadded to a solution of[5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) in CH₃CN (1 mL), and stirredovernight at 80° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and H₂O,and then filtered through an Extrelut column. The column was washed withEtOAc, and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude product was carriedonto the next reaction without any further purification orcharacterization.

b.){5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(3-phenoxy-propyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(3-phenoxy-propyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2 hours,concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.62 (m, 2H), 7.30 (m, 6H), 6.88 (m, 4H),4.62 (s, 2H), 3.99 (t, 2H), 3.74 (t, 2H), 2.71 (m, 2H), 1.71 (m, 4H),0.99 (t, 3H). MS calculated for C₂₇H₂₆FN₃O₅S—H: 524, observed: 524.

Example 50{5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 1)

3-Fluorobenzyl bromide (0.27 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (63 mg, 0.45 mmol) wereadded to a solution of[5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) in CH₃CN (1 mL), and stirredovernight at 80° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and H₂O,and then filtered through an Extrelut column. The column was washed withEtOAc, and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude product was carriedonto the next reaction without any further purification orcharacterization.

b.){5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2 hours,concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. MS calculated for C₂₅H₂₃F₂N₃O₄S—H: 498, observed: 498.

Example 51{5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(3-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(3-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 1)

3-Trifluoromethylbenzyl bromide (0.27 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (63 mg, 0.45 mmol)were added to a solution of[5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) in CH₃CN (1 mL), and stirredovernight at 80° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and H₂O,and then filtered through an Extrelut column. The column was washed withEtOAc, and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude product was carriedonto the next reaction without any further purification orcharacterization.

b.){5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(3-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[(4-Fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-(3-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2 hours,concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. MS calculated for C₂₆H₂₃F₄N₃O₄S—H: 548, observed: 548.

Example 52{5-[(4-Cyano-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[(4-Cyano-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 1)

4-Cyanobenzyl bromide (0.27 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (63 mg, 0.45 mmol) wereadded to a solution of[5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) in CH₃CN (1 mL), and stirredovernight at 80° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and H₂O,and then filtered through an Extrelut column. The column was washed withEtOAc, and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude product was carriedonto the next reaction without any further purification orcharacterization.

b.){5-[(4-Cyano-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[(4-Cyano-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2 hours,concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.72 (m, 4H), 7.48 (m, 4H), 7.16 (m, 2H),6.78 (m, 1H), 4.92 (s, 2H), 4.33 (s, 2H), 2.65 (t, 2H), 1.71 (m, 2H),0.95 (t, 3H). MS calculated for C₂₆H₂₃FN₄O₄S+H: 507, observed: 507.

Example 53{5-[(4-Trifluoromethoxy-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5[(4-Trifluoromethoxy-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 1)

4-Trifluoromethoxybenzyl bromide (0.27 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (63 mg, 0.45mmol) were added to a solution of[5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) in CH₃CN (1 mL), and stirredovernight at 80° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and H₂O,and then filtered through an Extrelut column. The column was washed withEtOAc, and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude product was carriedonto the next reaction without any further purification orcharacterization.

b.){5-[(4-Trifluoromethoxy-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[(4-Trifluoromethoxy-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2 hours,concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.72 (m, 2H), 7.44 (m, 4H), 7.23 (m, 3H),7.16 (d, 1H), 6.79 (m, 1H), 4.88 (s, 2H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 2.68 (t, 2H),1.72 (m, 2H), 0.95 (t, 3H). MS calculated for C₂₆H₂₃F₄N₃O₅S—H: 564,observed: 564.

Example 54{5-[(2-Cyano-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[(2-Cyano-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 1)

2-Cyanobenzyl bromide (0.27 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (63 mg, 0.45 mmol) wereadded to a solution of[5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) in CH₃CN (1 mL), and stirredovernight at 80° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and H₂O,and then filtered through an Extrelut column. The column was washed withEtOAc, and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude product was carriedonto the next reaction without any further purification orcharacterization.

b.){5-[(2-Cyano-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[(2-Cyano-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2 hours,concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. MS calculated for C₂₆H₂₃FN₄O₄S+H: 507, observed: 507.

Example 55{5-[Benzothiazol-2-ylmethyl-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[Benzothiazol-2-ylmethyl-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 1)

2-Bromomethyl benzothiazole (0.27 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (63 mg, 0.45 mmol)were added to a solution of[5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) in CH₃CN (1 mL), and stirredovernight at 80° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and H₂O,and then filtered through an Extrelut column. The column was washed withEtOAc, and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude product was carriedonto the next reaction without any further purification orcharacterization.

b.){5-[Benzothiazol-2-ylmethyl-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[Benzothiazol-2-ylmethyl-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2 hours,concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 8.08 (m, 1H), 7.86 (m, 1H), 7.79 (m, 2H),7.45 (m, 4H), 7.25 (m, 2H), 6.91 (d, 1H), 5.33 (s, 2H), 4.39 (s, 2H),2.65 (t, 2H), 1.72 (m, 2H), 0.92 (t, 3H). MS calculated forC₂₆H₂₃FN₄O₄S₂+H: 539, observed: 539.

Example 56{5-[But-2-enyl-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[But-2-enyl-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 1)

Crotyl bromide (0.27 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (63 mg, 0.45 mmol) were added to asolution of[5-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonylamino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) in CH₃CN (1 mL), and stirredovernight at 80° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and H₂O,and then filtered through an Extrelut column. The column was washed withEtOAc, and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude product was carriedonto the next reaction without any further purification orcharacterization.

b.){5-[But-2-enyl-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[But-2-enyl-(4-fluoro-benzenesulfonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2 hours,concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. MS calculated for C₂₂H₂₄FN₃O₄S—H: 444, observed: 444.

Example 57 [5-(Acetyl-benzyl-amino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid a.) (4-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-2-nitro-phenylamino)-acetic acidtert-butyl ester. (Scheme 2)

Glycine tert-butyl ester hydrochloride (4.1 g, 29.4 mmol) and NaHCO₃(5.1 g, 61.0 mmol) were added to a solution of(4-fluoro-3-nitro-phenyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (5.2 g, 20.3mmol) in DMSO (16 mL). The reaction was heated to 65° C. for 5 hours,cooled to room temperature, and partitioned between H₂O and EtOAc. Theorganic layer was washed several times with H₂O and concentrated toafford the sub-title compound. MS calculated for C₁₇H₂₅N₃O₆+H: 368,observed: 368.

b.) (2-Amino-4-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-phenylamino)-acetic acidtert-butyl ester

(4-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-2-nitro-phenylamino)-acetic acid tert-butylester (10.8 g, 29.4 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (70 mL) and purged withN₂. Palladium on activated carbon (2.2 g, 10% by weight) was added, andthe reaction mixture was charged with a balloon of H₂. The reactionmixture was stirred for 3 h at room temperature, and then filteredthrough a pad of celite. The celite was washed with MeOH, and thefiltrate was concentrated to afford 2.1 g (22%-two steps) of thesub-title compound. MS calculated for C₁₇H₂₇N₃O₄+H: 338, observed: 338.

c.) (5-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acidtert-butyl ester

Butyraldehyde (0.65 mL, 9.0 mmol) and acetic acid (7 drops) were addedto a solution of (2-amino-4-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-phenylamino)-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (2.2 g, 6.5 mmol) in EtOH (100 mL), and stirredovernight at 70° C. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambienttemperature and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crudesub-title compound that was used without further purification. MScalculated for C₂₁H₃₁N₃O₄+H: 390, observed: 390.

d.) (5-Amino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester

HCl (15 mL, 4.0 N solution in dioxane) was added to(5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-amino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acidtert-butyl ester (1.9 g, 6.5 mmol) and stirred 2 h at room temperature.The reaction solution was concentrated via rotary evaporation, and thenplaced on the vacuum line to afford the subtitle compound that was usedwithout further purification. MS calculated for C₁₆H₂₃N₃O₂+H: 290,observed: 290.

e.) (5-Benzylamino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid tert-butylester

Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (1.8 g, 8.4 mmol) was added to a solutionof benzaldehyde (0.68 mL, 6.5 mmol) and(5-amino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester (1.8g, 6.5 mmol) in DCE (15 mL), and stirred overnight at room temperature.The reaction solution was diluted with H₂O. The organic solution waswashed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, and concentrated to afford thesubtitle compound that was used without further purification. MScalculated for C₂₃H₂₉N₃O₂+H: 380, observed: 380.

f.) [5-(Acetyl-benzyl-amino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-acetic acidtert-butyl ester

Acetyl chloride (25 μL, 0.36 mmol) was added to a solution of(5-benzylamino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester(45 mg, 0.12 mmol), DIEA (41 μL, 0.24 mmol) and DMAP (15 mg, 0.12 mmol)in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL), and stirred overnight at room temperature. Thereaction solution was diluted with aqueous HCl (1.0 M) and filteredthrough an Extrelut column. The Extrelut column was washed with CH₂Cl₂,and the filtrate was concentrated to afford the subtitle compound thatwas used without further purification. MS calculated for C₂₅H₃₁N₃O₃+H:422, observed: 422.

g.) [5-(Acetyl-benzyl-amino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]acetic acid

(Acetyl-benzyl-amino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-acetic acidtert-butyl ester (0.12 mmol) was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2 hours,concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO)S 7.72 (m, 1H), 7.55 (m, 1H), 7.23 (m, 6H),5.28 (s, 2H), 4.91 (s, 2H), 2.95 (m, 2H), 1.81 (m, 3H), 1.24 (m, 2H),0.99 (t, 3H). MS calculated for C₂₁H₂₃N₃O₃+H: 366, observed: 366.

Example 58[5-(Benzyl-isobutyryl-amino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-acetic acida.) [5-(Benzyl-isobutyryl-amino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 2)

Isobutyryl chloride (38 μL, 0.36 mmol) was added to a solution of(5-benzylamino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester(45 mg, 0.12 mmol), DIEA (41 μL, 0.24 mmol) and DMAP (15 mg, 0.12 mmol)in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL), and stirred overnight at room temperature. Thereaction solution was diluted with aqueous HCl (1.0 M) and filteredthrough an Extrelut column. The Extrelut column was washed with CH₂Cl₂,and the filtrate was concentrated to afford the subtitle compound thatwas used without further purification. MS calculated for C₂₇H₃₅N₃O₃+H:450, observed: 450.

b.) [5-(Benzyl-isobutyryl-amino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid

[(Benzyl-isobutyryl-amino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-acetic acidtert-butyl ester (0.12 mmol) was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2 hours,concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.55 (m, 1H), 7.25 (m, 6H), 7.03 (m, 1H),5.14 (s, 2H), 4.88 (s, 2H), 3.20 (m, 2H), 2.80 (m, 1H), 1.72 (m, 2H),1.25 (m, 6H), 0.95 (t, 3H). MS calculated for C₂₃H₂₇N₃O₃+H: 394,observed: 394.

Example 59{5-[Benzyl-(3-methyl-butyryl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[Benzyl-(3-methyl-butyryl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 2)

3-Methyl-butyryl chloride (44 μL, 36 mmol) was added to a solution of(5-benzylamino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester(45 mg, 0.12 mmol), DIEA (41 μL, 24 mmol) and DMAP (15 mg, 0.12 mmol) inCH₂Cl₂ (1 mL), and stirred overnight at room temperature. The reactionsolution was diluted with aqueous HCl (1.0 M) and filtered through anExtrelut column. The Extrelut column was washed with CH₂Cl₂, and thefiltrate was concentrated to afford the subtitle compound that was usedwithout further purification. MS calculated for C₂₈H₃₇N₃O₃+H: 464,observed: 464.

b.){5-[Benzyl-(3-methyl-butyryl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[Benzyl-(3-methyl-butyryl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (0.12 mmol) was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2hours, concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.48 (d, 1H), 7.21 (m, 6H), 6.92 (m, 1H),5.08 (s, 2H), 4.89 (s, 2H), 2.72 (t, 2H), 2.00 (m, 3H), 1.71 (m, 2H),0.99 (t, 3H), 0.79 (m, 6H). MS calculated for C₂₄H₂₉N₃O₃+H: 408,observed: 408.

Example 60[5-(Benzyl-cyclopentanecarbonyl-amino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid a.)[5-(Benzyl-cyclopentanecarbonyl-amino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 2)

Cyclopentanecarbonyl chloride (43 μL, 0.36 mmol) was added to a solutionof (5-benzylamino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid tert-butylester (45 mg, 0.12 mmol), DIEA (41 μL, 0.24 mmol) and DMAP (15 mg, 0.12mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL), and stirred overnight at room temperature. Thereaction solution was diluted with aqueous HCl (1.0 M) and filteredthrough an Extrelut column. The Extrelut column was washed with CH₂Cl₂,and the filtrate was concentrated to afford the subtitle compound thatwas used without further purification. MS calculated for C₂₉H₃₇N₃O₃+H:476, observed: 476.

b.)[5-(Benzyl-cyclopentanecarbonyl-amino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid

(Benzyl-cyclopentanecarbonyl-amino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (0.12 mmol) was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2hours, concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.47 (d, 1H), 7.21 (m, 6H), 6.95 (m, 1H),5.08 (s, 2H), 4.87 (s, 2H), 2.73 (t, 2H), 1.71 (m, 9H), 1.33 (m, 2H),0.99 (t, 3H). MS calculated for C₂₅H₂₉N₃O₃+H: 420, observed: 420.

Example 61[5-(Benzyl-cyclohexanecarbonyl-amino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid a.)[5-(Benzyl-cyclohexanecarbonyl-amino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 2)

Cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride (48 μL, 0.36 mmol) was added to a solutionof (5-benzylamino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid tert-butylester (45 mg, 0.12 mmol), DIEA (41 μL, 0.24 mmol) and DMAP (15 mg, 0.12mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL), and stirred overnight at room temperature. Thereaction solution was diluted with aqueous HCl (1.0 M) and filteredthrough an Extrelut column. The Extrelut column was washed with CH₂Cl₂,and the filtrate was concentrated to afford the subtitle compound thatwas used without further purification. MS calculated for C₃₀H₃₉N₃O₃4-H:490, observed: 490.

b.)[5-(Benzyl-cyclohexanecarbonyl-amino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid

(Benzyl-cyclohexanecarbonyl-amino)-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (0.12 mmol) was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2hours, concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.50 (d, 1H), 7.21 (m, 6H), 6.95 (m, 1H),5.09 (s, 2H), 4.86 (s, 2H), 2.72 (t, 2H), 2.18 (m, 1H), 1.60 (m, 9H),1.10 (m, 1H), 0.99 (t, 3H), 0.85 (m, 2H). MS calculated forC₂₆H₃₁N₃O₃+H: 434, observed: 434.

Example 62{5-[Benzyl-(3-chloro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[Benzyl-(3-chloro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 2)

3-Chloro-benzoyl chloride (46 μL, 0.36 mmol) was added to a solution of(5-benzylamino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester(45 mg, 0.12 mmol), DIEA (41 μL, 0.24 mmol) and DMAP (15 mg, 0.12 mmol)in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL), and stirred overnight at room temperature. Thereaction solution was diluted with aqueous HCl (1.0 M) and filteredthrough an Extrelut column. The Extrelut column was washed with CH₂Cl₂,and the filtrate was concentrated to afford the subtitle compound thatwas used without further purification. MS calculated for C₃₀H₃₂ClN₃O₃+H:518, observed: 518.

b.){5-[Benzyl-(3-chloro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[Benzyl-(3-chloro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (0.12 mmol) was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2hours, concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) ε 7.89 (m, 1H), 7.71 (m, 1H), 7.52 (m, 1H),7.45 (m, 1H), 7.21 (m, 6H), 6.91 (m, 1H), 5.11 (s, 2H), 4.91 (s, 2H),2.65 (t, 2H), 1.71 (m, 2H), 0.92 (t, 3H). MS calculated forC₂₆H₂₄ClN₃O₃+H: 462, observed: 462.

Example 63{5-[Benzyl-(4-chloro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[Benzyl-(4-chloro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 2)

4-Chloro-benzoyl chloride (46 μL, 0.36 mmol) was added to a solution of(5-benzylamino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester(45 mg, 0.12 mmol), DIEA (41 μL, 0.24 mmol) and DMAP (15 mg, 0.12 mmol)in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL), and stirred overnight at room temperature. Thereaction solution was diluted with aqueous HCl (1.0 M) and filteredthrough an Extrelut column. The Extrelut column was washed with CH₂Cl₂,and the filtrate was concentrated to afford the subtitle compound thatwas used without further purification. MS calculated for C₃₀H₃₂ClN₃O₃+H:518, observed: 518.

b.){5-[Benzyl-(4-chloro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[Benzyl-(4-chloro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (0.12 mmol) was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2hours, concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. MS calculated for C₂₆H₂₄ClN₃O₃+H: 462, observed: 462.

Example 64{5-[Benzyl-(2-fluoro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[Benzyl-(2-fluoro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 2)

2-Fluoro-benzoyl chloride (42 μL, 0.36 mmol) was added to a solution of(5-benzylamino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester(45 mg, 0.12 mmol), DIEA (41 μL, 0.24 mmol) and DMAP (15 mg, 0.12 mmol)in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL), and stirred overnight at room temperature. Thereaction solution was diluted with aqueous HCl (1.0 M) and filteredthrough an Extrelut column. The Extrelut column was washed with CH₂Cl₂,and the filtrate was concentrated to afford the subtitle compound thatwas used without further purification. MS calculated for C₃₀H₃₂FN₃O₃+H:502, observed: 502.

b.){5-[Benzyl-(2-fluoro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[Benzyl-(2-fluoro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (0.12 mmol) was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2hours, concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. MS calculated for C₂₆H₂₄FN₃O₃+H: 446, observed: 446.

Example 65 {5-[Benzyl-(3-fluoro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-acetic acida.){5-[Benzyl-(3-fluoro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 2)

3-Fluoro-benzoyl chloride (42 μL, 0.36 mmol) was added to a solution of(5-benzylamino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester(45 mg, 0.12 mmol), DIEA (41 μL, 0.24 mmol) and DMAP (15 mg, 0.12 mmol)in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL), and stirred overnight at room temperature. Thereaction solution was diluted with aqueous HCl (1.0 M) and filteredthrough an Extrelut column. The Extrelut column was washed with CH₂Cl₂,and the filtrate was concentrated to afford the subtitle compound thatwas used without further purification. MS calculated for C₃₀H₃₂FN₃O₃+H:502, observed: 502.

b.){5-[Benzyl-(3-fluoro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[Benzyl-(3-fluoro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (0.12 mmol) was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2hours, concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. ¹1-1 NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.79 (m, 1H), 7.68 (m, 1H), 7.55 (m, 2H),7.21 (m, 6H), 7.02 (m, 1H), 6.92 (m, 1H), 5.11 (s, 2H), 4.99 (s, 2H),2.68 (t, 2H), 1.71 (m, 2H), 0.95 (t, 3H). MS calculated forC₂₆H₂₄FN₃O₃+H: 446, observed: 446.

Example 66{5-[Benzyl-(4-fluoro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[Benzyl-(4-fluoro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 2)

4-Fluoro-benzoyl chloride (42 μl, 0.36 mmol) was added to a solution of(5-benzylamino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester(45 mg, 0.12 mmol), DIEA (41 μL, 0.24 mmol) and DMAP (15 mg, 0.12 mmol)in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL), and stirred overnight at room temperature. Thereaction solution was diluted with aqueous HCl (1.0 M) and filteredthrough an Extrelut column. The Extrelut column was washed with CH₂Cl₂,and the filtrate was concentrated to afford the subtitle compound thatwas used without further purification. MS calculated for C₃₀H₃₂FN₃O₃+H:502, observed: 502.

b.){5-[Benzyl-(4-fluoro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[Benzyl-(4-fluoro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}aceticacid tert-butyl ester (0.12 mmol) was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2hours, concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 8.02 (m, 1H), 7.29 (m, 7H), 7.01 (m, 3H),6.87 (m, 1H), 5.11 (s, 2H), 4.98 (s, 2H), 2.68 (t, 2H), 1.71 (m, 2H),0.95 (t, 3H). MS calculated for C₂₆H₂₄FN₃O₃+H: 446, observed: 446.

Example 67{5-[Benzyl-(3,4-difluoro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[Benzyl-(3,4-difluoro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 2)

3,4-Difluoro-benzoyl chloride (45 μL, 0.36 mmol) was added to a solutionof (5-benzylamino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid tert-butylester (45 mg, 0.12 mmol), DIEA (41 μL, 0.24 mmol) and DMAP (15 mg, 0.12mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL), and stirred overnight at room temperature. Thereaction solution was diluted with aqueous HCl (1.0 M) and filteredthrough an Extrelut column. The Extrelut column was washed with CH₂Cl₂,and the filtrate was concentrated to afford the subtitle compound thatwas used without further purification. MS calculated for C₃₀H₃₁F₂N₃O₃+H:520, observed: 520.

b.){5-[Benzyl-(3,4-difluoro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[Benzyl-(3,4-difluoro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (0.12 mmol) was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2hours, concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.48 (m, 1H), 7.26 (m, 7H), 7.12 (m, 2H),6.81 (m, 1H), 5.08 (s, 2H), 4.31 (s, 2H), 2.62 (t, 2H), 1.71 (m, 2H),0.92 (t, 3H). MS calculated for C₂₆H₂₃F₂N₃O₃+H: 464, observed: 464.

Example 68{5-[Benzyl-(2,6-difluoro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[Benzyl-(2,6-difluoro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 2)

2,6-Difluoro-benzoyl chloride (45 μL, 0.36 mmol) was added to a solutionof (5-benzylamino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid tert-butylester (45 mg, 0.12 mmol), DIEA (41 μL, 0.24 mmol) and DMAP (15 mg, 0.12mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ mL), and stirred overnight at room temperature. Thereaction solution was diluted with aqueous HCl (1.0 M) and filteredthrough an Extrelut column. The Extrelut column was washed with CH₂Cl₂,and the filtrate was concentrated to afford the subtitle compound thatwas used without further purification. MS calculated for C₃₀H₃₁F₂N₃O₃+H:520, observed: 520.

b.){5-[Benzyl-(2,6-difluoro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[Benzyl-(2,6-difluoro-benzoyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (0.12 mmol) was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2hours, concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.28 (m, 8H), 6.93 (m, 2H), 6.79 (m, 1H),5.09 (s, 2H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 2.61 (t, 2H), 1.69 (m, 2H), 0.92 (t, 3H). MScalculated for C₂₆H₂₃F₂N₃O₃+H: 464, observed: 464.

Example 69{5-[Benzyl-(3-methyl-thiophene-2-carbonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid a.){5-[Benzyl-(3-methyl-thiophene-2-carbonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 2)

3-Methyl-thiophene-2-carbonyl chloride (41 μL, 0.36 mmol) was added to asolution of (5-benzylamino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acidtert-butyl ester (45 mg, 0.12 mmol), DIEA (41 μL, 0.24 mmol) and DMAP(15 mg, 0.12 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL), and stirred overnight at roomtemperature. The reaction solution was diluted with aqueous HCl (1.0 M)and filtered through an Extrelut column. The Extrelut column was washedwith CH₂Cl₂, and the filtrate was concentrated to afford the subtitlecompound that was used without further purification. MS calculated forC₂₉H₃₃N₃O₃S+H: 504, observed: 504.

b.){5-[Benzyl-(3-methyl-thiophene-2-carbonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[Benzyl-(3-methyl-thiophene-2-carbonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (0.12 mmol) was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2hours, concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. ¹1.1 NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.68 (d, 1H), 7.29 (m, 5H), 7.02 (m, 2H),6.85 (d, 1H), 6.71 (d, 1H), 5.09 (s, 2H), 4.75 (s, 2H), 2.65 (t, 2H),1.71 (m, 2H), 0.92 (t, 3H). MS calculated for C₂₅H₂₅N₃O₃S+H: 448,observed: 448.

Example 70{5-[Benzyl-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

a.){5-[Benzyl-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester. (Scheme 2)

Thiophene-2-carbonyl chloride (38 pt, 0.36 mmol) was added to a solutionof (5-benzylamino-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-acetic acid tert-butylester (45 mg, 0.12 mmol), DIEA (41 μL, 0.24 mmol) and DMAP (15 mg, 0.12mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL), and stirred overnight at room temperature. Thereaction solution was diluted with aqueous HCl (1.0 M) and filteredthrough an Extrelut column. The Extrelut column was washed with CH₂Cl₂,and the filtrate was concentrated to afford the subtitle compound thatwas used without further purification. MS calculated for C₂₈H₃₁N₃O₃S+H:490, observed: 490.

b.){5-[Benzyl-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid

{5-[Benzyl-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)-amino]-2-propyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl}-aceticacid tert-butyl ester (0.12 mmol) was treated with TFA (2 mL) for 2hours, concentrated, and purified by preparative LCMS to give the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 7.58 (d, 1H), 7.40 (d, 1H), 7.28 (m, 6H),6.92 (m, 1H), 6.83 (m, 1H), 6.61 (d, 1H), 5.04 (s, 2H), 4.82 (s, 2H),2.71 (t, 2H), 1.78 (m, 2H), 0.98 (t, 3H). MS calculated forC₂₄H₂₃N₃O₃S+H: 434, observed: 434.

Example 71 CRTH-2 Binding Assay

A CRTH2 binding assay was developed to measure the ability of compoundsto inhibit the binding of PGD₂ to human CRTH2 using a scintillationproximity assay.

Membranes containing hCRTH2 receptors were prepared from 293EBNA-hCRTH2cells (a 293EBNA cell line stably expressing human CRTH2). The cellswere grown to confluency, harvested and washed with PBS. The cells wereresuspended in 10 mM Hepes pH 7.4, 1 mM EDTA and protease inhibitors andincubated for 30 mM on ice. The cells were homogenized and centrifugedfor 10 mM at 1000×g. The supernate was centrifuged for 30 min at100,000×g and the membrane pellet was then resuspended in 10 mM Hepes pH7.4 and 1 mM EDTA. The protein concentration of the membrane preparationwas determined by Bradford assay (Bio-Rad).

The ability of compounds to inhibit the interaction of PGD₂ to humanCRTH2 was determined at seven compound concentrations. Compounds wereserially diluted in DMSO then diluted into CRTH2 buffer (10 mM Hepes pH7.4, 1 mM EDTA, 10 mM MnCl₂) to six times the final desiredconcentration. 20 μL of the diluted compounds were transferred intonon-surface binding 96-well plates (Corning). Each concentration wasdone in triplicate. In addition to test compounds, each plate contained12 control wells. Six of these wells contained 20 μL of CRTH2 buffer.These wells were used to measure total binding. Six wells contained 20pt of CRTH2 buffer plus 1.5 mM indomethacin. These wells were used tomeasure non-specific binding. Next, 293EBNA-hCRTH2 membranes wereresuspended in CRTH2 buffer with glycerol (10 mM Hepes pH 7.4, 1 mMEDTA, 10 mM MnCl₂, 25% glycerol) so that the final concentration wasapproximately 20 μg/100 μL. Polylysine-coated yttrium silicate SPA beads(Amersham) were added to the membrane mix to a concentration of 0.4mg/100 μL and finally ³H-PGD₂ was added to the membrane/SPA bead mix to3.6 nM. 100 μl, of the membrane/SPA bead/³H-PGD₂ mix was added to eachwell of the non-surface binding plates containing the diluted compoundor controls. The plates were incubated for 2 hours at room temperaturewith shaking and then the plates were counted on a Microbetascintillation counter (Perkin Elmer) for 1 min per well.

IC₅₀ values were determined from the experimental results by nonlinearregression using Prism 4.0 software. The IC₅₀ values were then used inconjunction with the K_(d) for hCRTH2 and the ³H-PGD₂ concentration usedin the experiment to calculate the K_(i) for each compound. The resultsare shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Ex No. Compound K_(i) (μM)  1

<1  2

<1  3

<1  4

<10  5

<10  6

<10  7

<10  8

>10  9

>10 10

>10 11

<10 12

<1 13

<1 14

<0.1 15

<1 16

<1 17

<1 18

<1 19

<0.1 20

<0.1 21

<0.1 22

<1 23

<0.1 24

<1 25

<10 26

<10 27

<1 28

<1 29

<1 30

<1 31

<1 32

<1 33

<0.1 34

<1 35

<10 36

<1 37

<1 38

<10 39

<1 40

>10 41

<0.1 42

<0.1 43

<0.1 44

<0.1 45

<1 46

<1 47

<0.1 48

<0.1 49

<0.1 50

<1 51

<1 52

<0.1 53

<0.1 54

<1 55

<0.1 56

<0.1 57

<10 58

>10 59

<10 60

<10 61

<10 62

<1 63

<1 64

>10 65

<10 66

<1 67

<1 68

<10 69

<0.1 70

<0.1

Example 72 CRTH2 Fluorescent Imaging Assay

The ability of the disclosed compounds to act as agonists for the hCRTH2receptor was determined by their ability to cause increases inintracellular calcium via binding to the CRTH2 receptor. The compoundswere also tested for their ability to act as antagonists for the hCRTH2receptor as measured by the ability of the compounds to block theincrease in intracellular calcium normally caused by PGD₂ binding to theCRTH2 receptor.

Assays were performed on HEK 293EBNA-hCRTH2 cells that had been grown inDMEM media containing 10% FBS, 3 μL/mL puromycin and 1%penicillin/streptomycin/glutamine (PSG) at 37° C. in 5% CO₂ or onHT1080-hCRTH2 cells (a HT1080 cell line stably expressing human CRTH2)that had been grown in alphaMEM media containing 10% FBS, 500 μg/mlhygromycin, 200 nM methotrexate and 1% PSG at 37° C. in 5% CO₂.

For the assay, HEK 293EBNA-hCRTH2 cells or HT1080-hCRTH2 cells weregrown to approximately 90% confluency and then dislodged from the platewith Trypsin-EDTA, resuspended in DMEM media, seeded in 384 well platesat 2×10⁴ cells per well and incubated overnight at 37° C. The cells wereloaded with a calcium sensing dye by removing the growth media andreplacing it with 30 μL of dye loading Ringer's buffer (136 mM CsCl, 5.4mM D-Glucose, 20 mM Hepes pH 7.4, 2.1 mM MgCl₂, 0.8 mM CaCl₂, 0.2% BSAwith 1× Calcium3Dye (Molecular Devices) and 2.5 mM Probenecid (Sigma))per well. The cells were incubated at 37° C. for 1 hour to allow the dyeto enter the cells. Compounds were serially diluted in DMSO and thendiluted to 4× their final concentration with Ringer's buffer. Thecompounds were added to a 384 well plate in quadruplicate. In additionto test compounds, several wells contained Ringer's buffer with DMSO.These wells serve as control wells. 10 μL was transferred fromcompound/control plate to the plate containing cells loaded with dye bya fluorescent imaging plate reader (Molecular Devices). The fluorescencewas measured every 4 seconds for 4 minutes. These measurements indicatedthe level of intracellular calcium. Increases in fluorescence relativeto wells containing buffer only indicated an agonist effect of thecompound. Measurement at various compound concentrations allowed one todetermine the EC₅₀ for these compounds. Following the 4 minuteincubation with compound, 20 μL of Ringer's buffer with either 10 nM or500 nM PGD₂ (approximate EC₇₅ for PGD₂ in HEK 293EBNA-hCRTH2 cells andHT1080-hCRTH2 cells, respectively) was added to the wells. Inhibition bythe compounds of the calcium response due to antagonism of PGD₂ actionon CRTH2 is reflected by a decrease in fluorescent signal relative towells containing no compound. The fluorescence was measured every 2seconds for 10 seconds before addition of PGD₂ and every 2 seconds for110 seconds following addition. Measurement at various compoundconcentrations allowed one to determine the IC₅₀ for these compounds.EC₅₀ and IC₅₀ values were determined from the experimental results bynonlinear regression using the Prism 4.0 software. The results are shownin Table 2.

TABLE 2 Example Number RAGE hCRTH2 IC₅₀ (μM) 43 0.051 46 0.375 47 0.02249 0.047 70 0.007

Having now fully described the invention, it will be understood by thoseof skill in the art that the same can be performed within a wide andequivalent range of conditions, formulations, and other parameterswithout affecting the scope of the invention or any embodiment thereof.All patents, patent applications and publications cited herein are fullyincorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

1. A compound having Formula I:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: X is NR₂SO₂R₃,NR₂COR₄, S(O)_(n)R₂ or H; n is 0, 1, or 2; R₁ is H, substituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl,unsubstituted perhalo alkyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, unsubstitutedC₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, usubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl,substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₄₀ alkyl, or unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O—C₁₋₄₀ alkyl; R₂ is H, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, unsubstitutedC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀perhalo alkyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl,substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₂₋₁₀ alkyl, unsubstituted substituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O—C₂₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, unsubstituted —C₃₋₁₀cycloalkyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, unsubstituted—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-aryl,unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-aryl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-heteroaryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroayl, substitutedC₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, substituted aryl,unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl;R₃ is H, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substitutedC₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl,unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl,unsubstituted —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀cycloalkyl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, substituted—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-aryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-aryl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-heteroaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀alkylaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substitutedheteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, or OR₂; R₄ is H, substituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl,unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, unsubstitutedC₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substitutedheteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl,unsubstituted C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, OR₂, or NR₂R₂; or R₂ and R₃, togetherwith the atoms to which they are attached, form a ring; or R₂ and R₄together with the atoms to which they are attached form a ring; and R₅is H, halogen, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhaloalkyl, substitutedC₁₋₁₀ perhaloalkyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀alkenyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, or OR₂;or R₅ together with R₂, R₃, or R₄ forms a fused saturated or unsaturatedring, and wherein if R₁, R₂, R₃ and/or R₅ are substituted thesubstituents are chosen from: alkyl; halo. haloalkyl; cycloalkyl; aryloptionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl, halo, haloalkyl orheteroaryl groups; aryloxy optionally substituted with one or more loweralkyl, haloalkyl, or heteroaryl groups; aralkyl; heteroaryl optionallysubstituted with one or more lower alkyl, haloalkyl, and aryl groups;heteroaryloxy optionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl,haloalkyl, and aryl groups; alkoxy; haloalkoxy; alkoxycarbonyl;alkylcarbamate; alkylthio; arylthio; amino; cyano; acyloxy; arylacyloxyoptionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl, haloalkyl, and arylgroups; diphenylphosphinyloxy optionally substituted with one or morelower alkyl, halo or haloalkyl groups; heterocyclo optionallysubstituted with one or more lower alkyl, haloalkyl, and aryl groups;heterocycloalkoxy optionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl,haloalkyl, and aryl groups; partially unsaturated heterocycloalkyloptionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl, haloalkyl, and arylgroups; and partially unsaturated heterocycloalkyloxy optionallysubstituted with one or more lower alkyl, haloalkyl, and aryl groups;with the proviso that: when X is NR₂COR₄ in the 4 position, R₄ is notaryl.
 2. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof wherein X is NR₂SO₂R₃.
 3. The compound of claim 1, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein X is NR₂COR₄. 4.(canceled)
 5. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound ofclaim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and apharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 6. A method of inhibiting thebinding of endogenous ligands to the CRTH-2 receptor on a cell,comprising contacting the cell with a compound of claim 1, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 7. The method of claim 6,wherein said endogenous ligand is prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂) or ametabolite thereof.
 8. The method of claim 6, wherein said endogenousligand is a thromboxane metabolite.
 9. A method of treating,ameliorating, or preventing a disorder responsive to inhibiting thebinding of endogenous ligands to the CRTH-2 receptor in an animal,comprising administering to said animal a therapeutically effectiveamount of a compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof.
 10. The method of claim 10, wherein said disorder ischaracterized by elevated levels of PGD₂ or a metabolite thereof. 11.The method of claim 10, wherein said endogenous ligand is a thromboxanemetabolite.
 12. The method of claim 10, wherein said disorder is asthma,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchitis, rhinitis, nasalpolyposis, sarcoidosis, farmer's lung, fibroid lung, idiopathicinterstitial pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, or cough.
 13. The method ofclaim 10, wherein said disorder is arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis,Reiter's disease, Behcet's disease, Sjorgren's syndrome, or systemicsclerosis.
 14. The method of claim 10, wherein said disorder ispsoriasis, dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, Lichen planus, pemphigus,epidermolysis bullosa, urticaria, angiodermas, vasculitides, erythemas,cutaneous eosinophilias, chronic skin ulcers, uveitis, corneal ulcers,or conjunctivitis.
 15. The method of claim 10, wherein said disorder isceliac disease, proctitis, gastroenteritis, mastocytosis, Crohn'sdisease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel disease, or food-relatedallergies.
 16. The method of claim 10, wherein said disorder isAlzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Creutzfeldt-Jacob'sdisease, AIDS dementia complex, Huntingtons disease, Guillain-Barresyndrome, multiple sclerosis, encephalomyelitis, myasthenia gravis,tropical spastic paraparesis, CNS trauma, migraine, or stroke.
 17. Themethod of claim 10, wherein said disorder is atherosclerosis, AIDS,lupus erythematosus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, type I diabetes, nephroticsyndrome, eosinophilia fascitis, hyper IgE syndrome, leprosy,thrombocytopenia purpura, post-operative adhesions, sepsis,ischemic/reperfusion injury, hepatitis, glomerulonephritis, or chronicrenal failure.
 18. The method of claim 10, wherein said disorder isacute or chronic allograft rejection.
 19. The method of claim 10,further comprising administering an additional therapeutic agent.
 20. Akit comprising a compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, and instructions for administering said compound to ananimal.
 21. The kit of claim 20, further comprising an additionaltherapeutic agent.
 22. A method of preparing a compound having formulaVI or VII, comprising a) condensing a compound having Formula II with asulfonylate to form a compound having Formula III;

b) condensing a compound having Formula III with a carboxyl-protectedamino acid to form a compound having Formula IV;

c) reducing a compound having Formula IV followed by alkylation with analdehyde R₁CHO to form a compound having Formula V; and

d) deprotecting a compound having Formula V to form a compound havingFormula VI;

e) alkylating a compound having Formula V and then deprotecting to forma compound-having Formula VII;

wherein R₁ is H, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,substituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl,substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substitutedC₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, or unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; R₂ isH, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted C₁₋₁₀perhalo alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, substituted C₁₀alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl,substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-aryl,unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-aryl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-heteroaryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, substitutedC₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, substituted aryl,unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl or unsubstituted heteroaryl;R₃ is H, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substitutedC₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, substitutedC₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl,substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted —C₃₋₁₀cycloalkyl, unsubstituted —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl,substituted —C₁₋₁₀-alkyl-O-aryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀-alkyl-O-aryl,substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-heteroaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀alkylaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substitutedheteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, or OR₂; Q is a halogen; and R₆ isa carboxyl protecting group.
 23. A method of preparing a compound havingformula VI or VII, comprising a) deprotecting a compound having FormulaV to form a compound having Formula VI;

b) alkylating a compound having Formula V and then deprotecting to forma compound having Formula VII;

wherein R₁ is H, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,substituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl,substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substitutedC₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, or unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; R₂ isH, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted C₁₋₁₀perhalo alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl,substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-aryl,unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-aryl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-heteroaryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, substitutedC₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, substituted aryl,unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl or unsubstituted heteroaryl;R₃ is H, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substitutedC₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, substitutedC₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl,substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted —C₃₋₁₀cycloalkyl, unsubstituted —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkylsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀-alkyl-O-aryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀-alkyl-O-aryl,substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-heteroaryl substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀alkylaryl substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substitutedheteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, or OR₂; Q is a halogen; and R₆ isa carboxyl protecting group.
 24. A method of preparing a compound havingformula XIII, or XV, comprising a) protecting a compound—having FormulaII with an amino protecting group to form a compound having FormulaVIII;

b) condensing a compound having Formula VIII with a protected amino acidto form a compound having Formula IX;

c) reducing a compound having Formula IX followed by alkylation with analdehyde R₁CHO to form a compound having Formula X;

d) deprotecting a compound having Formula X to form a compound havingFormula XI;

e) condensing a compound having Formula XI with a sulfonylate to form acompound having Formula XII; and

wherein R₁ is H, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,substituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl,substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl substituted C₂₋₁₀alkynyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl, or unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; R₂ is H, substitutedC₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl,unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl,unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substitutedC₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-aryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-aryl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, unsubstituted—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, unsubstitutedC₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substitutedheteroaryl or unsubstituted heteroaryl; R₃ is H, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylunsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl,unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl,unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substitutedC₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, unsubstituted—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, unsubstituted—C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl,unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, substituted—C₁₋₁₀-alkyl-O-aryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-aryl, substituted—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl,substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, substitutedC₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, substitutedaryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstitutedheteroaryl, or OR₂; R₄ is H, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhaloalkyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl,substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkylsubstituted —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, unsubstituted —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl,substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀-alkyl-O-aryl, unsubstituted—C₁₋₁₀-alkyl-O-aryl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl,unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl,unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl,unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, substituted aryl, unsubstitutedaryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, OR₂ or NR₂R₂; Qis a halogen; and R₆ is a carboxyl protecting group.
 25. A method ofpreparing a compound having formula XIII, XIV, or XV, comprising a)alkylating a compound having Formula XII with an alkyl halide and thendeprotecting to form a compound having Formula XIII;

b) alkylating a compound having Formula XI, with an aldehyde R₂CHO,condensing with a sulfonylate, and then deprotecting to form a compoundhaving Formula XIV;

c) alkylating a compound having Formula XI with an aldehyde R₂CHO,followed by condensing with an acyl halide, and then deprotecting toform a compound having Formula XV;

wherein R₁ is H, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,substituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl,substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substitutedC₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, or unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl; R₂ isH, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted C₁₋₁₀perhalo alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl,substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-aryl,unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-aryl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-heteroaryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, substitutedC₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, substituted aryl,unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl or unsubstituted heteroaryl;R₃ is H, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substitutedC₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, substitutedC₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl,substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl,unsubstituted —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀cycloalkyl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloakyl, substituted—C₁₋₁₀-alkyl-O-aryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀-alkyl-O-aryl, substituted—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl,substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, substitutedC₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, substitutedaryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstitutedheteroaryl, or OR₂; R₄ is H, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhaloalkyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl,substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkylsubstituted —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, unsubstituted —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl,substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀-alkyl-O-aryl, unsubstituted—C₁₋₁₀-alkyl-O-aryl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl,unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl,unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl,unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, substituted aryl, unsubstitutedaryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, OR₂ or NR₂R₂; Qis a halogen; and R₆ is a carboxyl protecting group.
 26. A method ofpreparing a compound having, formula XX or XXI, comprising a) condensinga compound having Formula XVI with a carboxylic acid R₁CO₂H to form acompound having Formula XVII;

b) alkylating a compound having Formula XVII with a halogenated aceticacid alkyl ester to form a compound having Formula XVIII;

c) reducing a compound having Formula XVIII to form a compound; havingFormula XIX;

d) condensing a compound having Formula XIX with a sulfonylate and thendeprotecting to form a compound having Formula XX;

e) alkylating a compound having Formula XIX with an aldehyde R₂CHO,condensing with a sulfonylate, and then deprotecting to form a compoundhaving Formula XXI;

wherein R₁ is H, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,substituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl,substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substitutedC₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl, or unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; R₂ isH, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted C₁₋₁₀perhalo alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl,substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-aryl,unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-aryl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-heteroaryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, substitutedC₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, substituted aryl,unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl or unsubstituted heteroaryl;R₃ is H, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substitutedC₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, substitutedC₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl,substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl,unsubstituted —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀cycloalkyl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, substituted—C₁₋₁₀-alkyl-O-aryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀-alkyl-O-aryl substituted—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl,substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, substitutedC₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, substitutedaryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstitutedheteroaryl, or OR₂; Q is a halogen; and R₆ is a carboxyl protectinggroup.
 27. A method of preparing a compound having formula XX or XXI,comprising a) condensing a compound having Formula XIX with asulfonylate and then deprotecting to form a compound having Formula XX;

b) alkylating a compound. having Formula XIX with an aldehyde R₂CHO,condensing with a sulfonylate, and then deprotecting to form a compoundhaving Formula XXI;

wherein R₁ is H, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,substituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl,substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substitutedC₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl, or unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; R₂ isH, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted C₁₋₁₀perhalo alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl,substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-aryl,unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-aryl substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl,unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl,unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl,unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, substituted aryl, unsubstitutedaryl, substituted heteroaryl or unsubstituted heteroaryl; R₃ is H,substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted C₁₋₁₀perhalo alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl,substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted —C₃₋₁₀cycloalkyl,unsubstituted —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl substituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-C₃₋₁₀cycloalkyl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl,substituted —C₁₋₁₀-alkyl-O-aryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀-alkyl-O-aryl,substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-heteroaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀alkylaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substitutedheteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, or OR₂; Q is halogen; and R₆ is acarboxyl protecting group.
 28. A method of preparing a compound havingformula XXIV, XXV, or XXVI, comprising a) condensing a compound, havingformula XVI with a carboxylic acid R₁CO₂H to form a compound havingFormula XVII;

b) alkylating a compound having Formula XVII with a halogenated aceticacid alkyl ester to form a compound having Formula XXII;

c) reducing a compound having formula XXII to form a compound havingFormula XXIII;

wherein R₁ is H, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,substituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl,substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl substituted C₂₋₁₀alkynyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl, or unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; R₂ is H, substitutedC₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl,unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl,unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substitutedC₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-aryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-aryl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, unsubstituted—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, unsubstitutedC₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substitutedheteroaryl or unsubstituted heteroaryl; R₃ is H, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylunsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl,unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl,unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkenyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substitutedC₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, unsubstituted—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, unsubstituted—C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl,unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, substituted—C₁₋₁₀-alkyl-O-aryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀-alkyl-O-aryl substituted—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl,substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl substitutedC₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, substitutedaryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstitutedheteroaryl, or OR₂; R₄ is H, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhaloalkyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl,substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,substituted —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, unsubstituted —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl,substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀-alkyl-O-aryl, unsubstituted—C₁₋₁₀-alkyl-O-aryl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl,unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl,unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl,unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, substituted aryl, unsubstitutedaryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, OR₂ or NR₂R₂; Qis a halogen; and R₆ is a carboxyl protecting group.
 29. A method ofpreparing a compound having formula XXIV, XXV, or XXVI, comprising a)condensing a compound having Formula XXIII with an acyl halide and thendeprotecting to form a compound having Formula XXIV;

b) condensing a compound having Formula XXIII with a sulfonylate andthen deprotecting to form a compound having Formula XXV;

c) alkylating a compound having Formula XXIII with an aldehydc R₂CHO,condensing with a sulfonylate, and then deprotecting to form a compoundhaving Formula XXVI;

wherein R₁ is H, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,substituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl,substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substitutedC₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl, or unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀alkyl; R₂ is H,substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted C₁₋₁₀perhalo alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl,substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-aryl,unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-aryl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-heteroaryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, substitutedC₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, substituted aryl,unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl or unsubstituted heteroaryl;R₃ is H, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substitutedC₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, substitutedC₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl,substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted —C₃₋₁₀cycloalkyl, unsubstituted —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl,substituted —C₁₋₁₀-alkyl-O-aryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀-alkyl-O-aryl,substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O-heteroaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀alkylaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substitutedheteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, or OR₂; R₄ is H, substituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl,unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ perhalo alkyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl,unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substitutedC₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, unsubstituted—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, unsubstituted—C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl,unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, substituted—C₁₋₁₀-alkyl-O-aryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀-alkyl-O-aryl substituted—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-heteroaryl,substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, substitutedC₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, substitutedaryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstitutedheteroaryl, OR₂ or NR₂R₂; Q is a halogen; and R₆ is a carboxylprotecting group.
 30. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein R₁ is unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl. 31.The compound of claim 30, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,wherein R₁ is chosen from ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, sec-butyl,or 3-pentyl.
 32. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein R₂ is chosen from H, substituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl,unsubstituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl,unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, substituted C₁₋₁₀alkylheteroaryl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylheteroaryl, substituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O—C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,substituted —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, unsubstituted —C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl,substituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-aryl, unsubstituted —C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-aryl,substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, whereinthe aryl groups on C₁₋₁₀ alkyaryl and C₁₋₁₀ alkyl-O-aryl are optionallysubstituted with one or more groups chosen from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, halo,cyano, trifluoromethoxyl, and trifluoromethyl.
 33. The compound of claim1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R₃ is chosenfrom phenyl and C₁₋₁₀ alkylphenyl, each of which is optionallysubstituted on the phenyl by one or more groups chosen from halo andC₁₋₁₀ alkyl.
 34. The compound of claim 33, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein R₃ is chosen from halophenyl andhalobenzyl.
 35. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein R₄ is chosen from substituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, substituted C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl,unsubstituted C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, phenyl optionally substituted with oneor two halo, and thienyl optionally substituted with methyl.
 36. Thecompound of claim 35, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,wherein R₄ is chosen from t-butyl, chlorophenyl, difluorophenyl,fluorophenyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, isobutyl, isopropyl,methoxymethyl, methyl, methylthienyl, phenyl, and thienyl.
 37. Thecompound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,wherein R₅ is H.
 38. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein X is bonded to the benzimidazolylmoiety at the 4-position or the 5-position.
 39. The compound of claim 1,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R₁ isunsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; R₂ is chosen from H, unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl, and C₁₋₁₀ alkylaryl substituted on the arylportion of the radical by one or more groups selected from unsubstitutedC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, halo, cyano, trifluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethyl; R₃ ishalophenyl or halobenzyl; R₅ is H; and X is bonded to the benzimidazolylmoiety at the 4-position or the 5-position.